Water Hardness (L1)
What two cations are associated with hard water?
Magnesium (Mg 2+) and Calcium (Ca2+)
How do we determine alkalinity?
Titration!
an anion!
How does nitrate end up in tap water?
Fertilizer runoff
Name ONE effect of excessive water hardness
Clogging/Scaling/Soap or Detergent ineffectiveness
What is alkalinity?
The acid-neutralizing property of a substance
What is a source of Chloride?
Fertilizers or Ion exchange/softening
What is a safe amount of Fluoride in water?
1 ppm
Why does a surface water source have a high magnesium hardness?
great dissolution of high magnesium materials
What substance makes tap water alkaline?
carbonate species
Which standard had the highest EP?
Des Moines
What substance adsorbs Fluoride?