Water Molecule
The two elements found in a water molecule
What is Hydrogen and Oxygen?
What is the definition of salinity, and what unit is it measured in?
What is the amount of salts dissolved in water?
What is parts per thousand (ppt)?
Sea surface salinity is low at the equator thanks to -
What is Heavy rainfall at the equator?
The Global Ocean Conveyor Belt is also known as ______ circulation.
thermohaline circulation
Which ocean experiences ENSO?
Pacific Ocean
The type of bond that holds water molecules together
What is Hydrogen bonds?
The two factors that determine the density of ocean water
What is temperature and salinity?
What word is used to describe the clarity (clearness) of ocean water?
What is turbidity?
List two examples of vertical currents -
What is upwelling and downwelling?
How often does ENSO occur?
3-7 years
The temperature at which water freezes (°C AND °F)
What is 0°C? (32°F)
Fresh water is _______ than saltwater.
Cold water is _______ than warm water.
Word bank: more dense, less dense
Fresh water is less dense than salt water.
Cold water is more dense than warm water.
Ocean Layer of rapid temperature decrease where heat energy is quickly lost -
What is the Thermocline?
The phenomenon that causes surface currents to deflect clockwise in the Northern hemisphere and counterclockwise in the Southern -
What is the Coriolis Effect?
El Niño is unusually _____ conditions, and la niña is unusually _____ conditions.
warm, cool
Water evaporates at a faster rate under _______ temperatures, and at a slower rate under _______ temperatures.
warmer, cooler
Three freshwater inputs that DECREASE salinity
What is rainfall, ice melting, and runoff?
How does Carbon Dioxide enter the ocean?
Absorbed from the atmosphere
List three effects of warm surface currents
- increased rates of evaporation
- heavy rainfall on nearby coasts
- high cloud cover
- high humidity
How do trade winds vary during el niño?
Weaker than normal
Explain the difference between cohesion and adhesion.
Cohesion - ability of water molecules to stick to EACH OTHER
Adhesion - ability of water molecules to stick to OTHER substances
Two freshwater outputs that INCREASE salinity
What is evaporation and ice formation?
This dissolved gas is highest near the ocean’s surface thanks to sunlight and higher rates of photosynthesis -
What is Oxygen?
What are the benefits of upwelling?
- Nutrient rich water is brought to the surface & helps aquatic life flourish
Which causes warm, wet, rainy conditions along the eastern Pacific - la niña or el niño?
El niño