Types of Groundwater in Bulgaria
What are the shallow underground waters found in sand and gravel that make up about one-third of Bulgaria’s underground resources?
Phreatic groundwaters.
Bulgaria’s rivers belong to two main drainage basins. What are they?
The Black Sea basin and the Aegean Sea basin.
What are the biggest lakes in Bulgaria called(the type)?
Coastal lakes (lagoons and limans)
What two main sources provide households with drinking water?
Ground and surface water.
Which factor group includes rainfall, humidity, temperature, and wind?
Climatic factors.
These groundwaters are found in caves and limestone regions and are the most available and best-quality type in Bulgaria.
Karst groundwaters.
Name the longest river entirely in Bulgaria and the longest river connected to Bulgaria
Iskyr and Danube.
Which mountains have the most glacial lakes?
Rila and Pirin
Why does Bulgaria lose a lot of water through its infrastructure?
Because many systems are outdated and leak.
What does the composition of rocks influence?
The formation of caves and underground water.
Name two towns famous for their mineral or thermal waters.
Velingrad, Hisar, Sandanski
Which river is the most abundant in Bulgaria?
The Maritsa River.
What is the biggest lake in Bulgaria?
Lake Burgas
Why does southern Bulgaria need more irrigation for agriculture?
Because rainfall is lower and temperatures are higher.
Name three human (anthropogenic) factors that impact water in Bulgaria.
Dams, reservoirs, and irrigation.
How many mineral and thermal water sources does Bulgaria have, and how many are used today?
Over 600 sources, about 400 are used.
Which part of Bulgaria is richer in rivers?
Southern Bulgaria.
What lake has the biggest basin in Bulgaria?
Varna Lake.
How much could precipitation drop in the next 50 years because of climate change?
Up to 14 percent.
How does elevation (height) affect water resources?
By influencing precipitation, runoff, and water availability. Higher areas usually receive more rainfall and are sources for rivers.
Where is Bulgaria’s hottest mineral spring, and what is its temperature?
In Sapareva Banya – 103 °C.
When does high water usually occur in the mountains and in the south of Bulgaria?
Spring in the mountains, autumn/winter in the south.
List at least two economic benefits of the Black Sea mentioned in the slides.
Transport of goods and tourism (and offshore natural gas potential)
What percent of Bulgaria’s electricity came from hydropower in 2021, and how was most freshwater used in 2009?
11 percent from hydropower; 43 percent used for energy cooling.
The soil and vegetation affect how water divides into what three forms?
Evaporated water, surface runoff, and underground water.