CLINICAL CORRELATION
This neurological triad of confusion, ataxia, and nystagmus occurs in severe thiamine deficiency.
What is Wernicke’s encephalopathy?
Citrus fruits like oranges and lemons are major dietary sources of this vitamin.
What is Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid)?
This is the active coenzyme form of thiamine used in oxidative decarboxylation reactions.
What is Thiamine diphosphate (TPP)?
Vitamin B1 is required for this metabolic process converting pyruvate to acetyl-CoA.
What is Pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction?
This disease caused by niacin deficiency is remembered by the “three D’s”.
What is Pellagra?
Chronic alcoholism commonly leads to deficiency of this vitamin due to poor absorption and nutrition.
What is Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)?
Whole grains and pork are common dietary sources of this vitamin needed for carbohydrate metabolism.
What is Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)?
Riboflavin forms these two coenzymes involved in redox reactions.
What are FAD and FMN?
Riboflavin coenzymes function mainly in these biochemical reactions involving electron transfer.
What are oxidation-reduction reactions?
Riboflavin deficiency commonly produces inflammation of this muscular organ in the mouth.
What is Glossitis?
A liver tumor of enterochromaffin cells that can cause niacin deficiency because tryptophan is diverted to serotonin production.
What is Carcinoid syndrome?
Dairy products and green vegetables are common sources of this vitamin that forms FAD and FMN.
What is Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)?
Niacin functions in metabolism through these two coenzymes
What are NAD and NADP?
Vitamin B6 is essential for this type of metabolic reaction involving amino acids.
What is Transamination?
Cracks at the corners of the mouth seen in riboflavin deficiency are called this.
What is Cheilosis or angular cheilitis?
Riboflavin deficiency may be evaluated by measuring activation of this erythrocyte enzyme after adding FAD in vitro.
What is Erythrocyte glutathione reductase?
Liver, eggs, and legumes are important sources of this vitamin that acts as a coenzyme in carboxylation reactions.
What is Vitamin B7 (Biotin)?
Vitamin B6 is converted into this active coenzyme important in amino acid metabolism.
What is Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)?
Biotin functions as a coenzyme for these enzymes that add carbon dioxide to substrates.
What are Carboxylases?
A deficiency of folate or vitamin B12 can result in this type of anemia.
What is Megaloblastic anemia?
Severe vitamin C deficiency leads to this disease characterized by bleeding gums and poor wound healing.
What is Scurvy?
Dark leafy vegetables such as spinach and broccoli are major sources of this vitamin required for DNA synthesis.
What is Vitamin B9 (Folate)?
Pantothenic acid forms part of this coenzyme essential for acyl group transfer reactions.
What is Coenzyme A (CoA)?
Vitamin C is required for hydroxylation reactions in the synthesis of this structural protein.
What is Collagen?
Accumulation of pyruvate and lactate due to thiamine deficiency can lead to this dangerous metabolic condition.
What is Lactic acidosis?