What is it called when a liquid that is not boiling turns into a vapor?
Evaporation
What is fluvial flooding?
What is a meteorological drought?
Less rain than usual falls in an area
What direction do the trade winds blow?
from east to west
This type of precipitation will fall when water vapor deposits directly into a solid crystal and then falls to the ground without melting.
Snow
What were two factors that made the Great Vermont Flood of 1927 so especially damaging compared to other flooding events?
Soil already saturated, trees dormant for autumn, land had been cleared by deforestation, huge amounts of rain (9inches +)
Name and define at least 2 types of drought
Meteorological- too little rain
Hydrological- water bodies and aquifers are low
Agricultural- soil is too dry for plant growth
Socioeconomic- human needs affected by lack of water
Why does the coast of Peru have such productive fisheries?
Upwelling brings cold, nutrient-rich water toward the surface
How do clouds stay suspended in the air?
The droplets are tiny so updrafts easily lift them
How has urban development disconnected rivers from their floodplains?
It has straightened them out so don't "meander" as much.
What is transpiration?
What affect does El Niño have on the trade winds?
Slows them down (or even reverses them)
What is the different between sleet and freezing rain?
Sleet freezes before hitting the ground, freezing rain is liquid until the instant it hits a surface
Why does cloud seeding increase precipitation in a given area?
Provides nuclei for freezing of supercooled liquid water in clouds.
How can extreme heat from climate change make flooding more dangerous?
Hotter air holds more water. Can alter global wind patterns and make extreme weather more likely
How can drought increase the danger of flash flooding?
Dried-out soil becomes compacted, so water flows over it instead of absorbing into it.
How would La Niña affect the weather in the Eastern Pacific?
Makes it drier and colder. Higher pressure
How is graupel formed?
When supercooled raindrops attach to snowflakes
What effect did dropping a lit match have on the cloudiness of the bottle and WHY?
More cloudy because the match added condensation nuclei. Water vapor could not condense without a particle to condense onto.
What are two preventative steps that could be taken to lessen the damage from flooding?
Rebuilding floodplains upstream of urban areas, building on higher ground, Don't put electrical boxes and other utilities in the basement
Explain how unusually warm winter temperatures can lead to both flooding and drought
Flooding because excessive snow melt causes runoff into rivers and low-lying areas
Drought because that water does not recharge aquifers as well as it would if it melted more gradually.
Make a diagram that shows the Walker Circulation under ENSO Neutral conditions
See board
Why makes stellar dendrites a particularly dangerous type of snowflake?
Their unstable arms transform quickly after falling, which can create layers of compacted snow over loose snow. Leads to an avalanche