States of matter
What are the three main states of matter?
Solid Liquid Gas
What is diffusion?
Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
What happens to most materials when heated?
Expansion
What is a solution?
A solution is a mixture where one substance (solute) is dissolved in another (solvent).
What does filtration separate?
Filtration separates solids from liquids.
Which state of matter has a fixed shape and volume?
Density
Why does perfume smell spread across a room?
Because perfume particles move from where there is a high concentration (near the bottle) to where there is a lower concentration (the rest of the room).
Why does a metal ball expand when heated?
Because heat energy makes the particles vibrate faster and take up more space.
What is a solute?
A solute is the substance that is dissolved in a solvent to make a solution.
What separation technique can be used to separate salt water?
Saltwater is a mixture that can be separated by evaporation.
What state of matter flows and takes the shape of its container but has a fixed volume?
Liquid
Name one factor that can affect the rate of diffusion.
300: Factors include temperature, concentration gradient, and the medium (gas, liquid, or solid) through which diffusion occurs.
What is contraction?
Contraction is when a material decreases in size as it cools down.
What is density?
Density is a measure of how much mass is in a given volume.
What does insoluble mean?
Insoluble means a substance does not dissolve in a particular solvent.
What state of matter has particles that move freely and fill any container?
Gas
Why does diffusion happen faster in gases than in liquids?
Because gas particles move faster and are further apart, so they spread out more quickly than particles in liquids.
Give an example of contraction in everyday life.
Railway tracks, floorboards, concrete pathways, bricks in buildings, the ring and ball set experiment, press fitting bearings (plus lots more)
How do you calculate density? What is the formula?
Density = mass / volume
How does distillation work?
Distillation works by heating a solution to boil the liquid with a lower boiling point, leaving the liquid with a greater boiling point in the flask. Then cooling the vapour to collect the separated liquid.
Explain how the arrangement and movement of particles differ in solids, liquids, and gases.
Draw it on the whiteboard!
How does temperature affect the rate of diffusion?
Increasing temperature increases the energy of particles, causing them to move faster and diffuse more quickly.
Why do railway tracks have gaps between them?
Railway tracks have gaps to allow for expansion in hot weather and contraction in cold weather, preventing damage.
Why do some objects float while others sink?
Some objects float because their density is less than the fluid's density.
Name and explain how a separation technique can be used in real life
(teachers discretion)