Waves #1
Waves #2
Waves #3
Waves #4
100
A student is investigating the transmission of sound waves and light waves through different mediums. The student tests sound wave and light wave transmission within a glass jar with air, without air, and with water.
Select the boxes to represent the mediums that will transmit sound waves and light waves.
Sound - with air, with water
Light - all
100
A student is preparing investigations to demonstrate behaviors of light waves. The diagrams show the setup for each investigation.
Write the number of each investigation setup diagram in the box that labels the behavior it best demonstrates.
Reflection - 2
Refraction - 3
Transmission - 1
100
2. A student is comparing two sound waves.
Circle two phrases that correctly compare the wavelength and the energy of the two sound waves.
The wavelength of sound wave X is ( longer than / shorter than / equal to ) the wavelength of sound wave Y.
Therefore, sound wave X has ( more energy than / less energy than / the same amount of energy as ) sound wave Y.
shorter than
more energy than
100
Circle one word in each set of parentheses to construct a statement about which color of light exiting the prism has the most energy.
The color ( red / orange / yellow / green / blue / indigo / violet ) has the most energy, as it has the ( longest / shortest ) wavelength.
violet
shortest
200
Which statement best describes the behavior of the different colors of light exiting the prism after the white light shines on it?
A. The different colors of light reflect at the same angle.
B. The different colors of light reflect at different angles.
C. The different colors of light refract at the same angle.
D. The different colors of light refract at different angles.
D. The different colors of light refract at different angles.
200
The energy of a single wave could power an electric car for hundreds of miles if its energy were converted into electrical energy in a wave energy converter. Which statement correctly describes the energy in ocean waves?
A. Ocean waves interact with other waves, diminishing in energy as the waves reach the shore.
B. Ocean waves travel thousands of miles before reaching the shore, losing energy as they travel.
C. Ocean waves move in different directions, making it difficult to harness energy for conversion into electrical energy.
D. Ocean waves carry energy originating from the Sun, which unevenly heats the air and produces winds that transfer energy to the water surface.
D. Ocean waves carry energy originating from the Sun, which unevenly heats the air and produces winds that transfer energy to the water surface.
200
A student builds a simple guitar using rubber bands and a cardboard box. Plucking the rubber bands results in sound waves. Which step would best help the student investigate the effect of changing the resonance of the sound waves?
A. adding more rubber bands to the guitar
B. adding color patterns to the outside of the box
C. using more force when plucking the rubber bands
D. building a similar guitar using a larger or smaller box
D. building a similar guitar using a larger or smaller box
200
The model represents a sound wave.
Which statement best describes the relationship between matter and energy in a sound wave?
A. Particles of matter transform into energy to produce a sound wave.
B. Energy in a sound wave moves particles of matter from one place to another.
C. Energy in a sound wave transfers between particles of matter in a repeating pattern.
D. Particles of matter are transformed into other types of matter by energy in a sound wave.
C. Energy in a sound wave transfers between particles of matter in a repeating pattern.
300
5. The diagram represents the movement of sound from music
The next diagram represents the movement of light from a playing through a speaker to a person's ear source to an object and then to an observer.
Which statement best explains which type of energy shown needs a medium through which to travel?
A. Sound needs to travel through a medium because the energy is produced by a speaker.
B. Light needs to travel through a medium because it involves the movement of light rays.
C. Sound needs to travel through a medium because it involves the movement of particles.
D. Light needs to travel through a medium because the energy is moved in two directions
C. Sound needs to travel through a medium because it involves the movement of particles.
300
Students are given an object in a darkened room. The students are given four lights of different colors to use to determine the color of the object. The table shows the students’ observations after shining each color of light on the object.
Based on the students’ information, which statement explains the most likely color of the object?
A. The object is red because the red light and white light were reflected by the object.
B. The object is red because the blue light and green light were reflected by the object.
C. The object is blue green because the red light and white light were reflected by the object.
D. The object is blue green because the blue light and green light were reflected by the object.
A. The object is red because the red light and white light were reflected by the object.
300
15. A student is using an instrument to produce the following sound differences.
Sound Differences
1. one loud sound and one quiet sound of the same pitch
2. two sounds of different pitches
Which statement best describes the sound differences produced by the student?
A. Both sound difference 1 and sound difference 2 are caused by the amplitude of the sound waves.
B. Both sound difference 1 and sound difference 2 are caused by the frequency of the sound waves.
C. Sound difference 1 is caused by the amplitude of the sound waves, and sound difference 2 is caused by the frequency of the sound waves.
D. Sound difference 1 is caused by the frequency of the sound waves, and sound difference 2 is caused by the amplitude of the sound waves.
C. Sound difference 1 is caused by the amplitude of the sound waves, and sound difference 2 is caused by the frequency of the sound waves.
300
The electrical telegraph was the first point-to-point messaging system. This system worked by sending electrical signals through a wire laid between two stations. The telegraph system was eventually replaced by the telephone system.
Which statement best identifies the primary difference between these two communication systems?
A. The telegraph converts mechanical energy to electrical signals; the telephone converts sound energy to light waves that are reflected from satellites to receiving stations.
B. The telegraph converts sound waves to electrical signals that generate a code at the receiving station; the telephone converts light waves to electrical signals that generate sound waves.
C. The telegraph transmits mechanical signals to produce sound waves at the receiving station; the telephone produces sound waves that are converted to electrical energy at a receiving station.
D. The telegraph transmits coded electrical signals that are decoded at a receiving station; the telephone converts sound waves to electrical signals that travel through an electrical connection.
D. The telegraph transmits coded electrical signals that are decoded at a receiving station; the telephone converts sound waves to electrical signals that travel through an electrical connection.
400
A student is investigating the properties of sound waves and light waves. To learn more about sound, the student constructs a straw horn following the procedure below.
Procedure
1. Collect three plastic straws and cut them to three different lengths.
2. Flatten the top end of each straw and cut off the top corners of each straw.
3. Tape the three straws together.
4. Blow air downward into each straw and listen to the sound
The student observes that the shorter straws produce sounds with a higher pitch. Which set of
information identifies and explains the characteristic of sound that the student observes?
A. Characteristic: amplitude Explanation: Sounds with higher pitches have greater amplitudes.
B. Characteristic: amplitude Explanation: Sounds with lower pitches have greater amplitudes.
C. Characteristic: frequency Explanation: Sounds with lower pitches have greater frequencies.
D. Characteristic: frequency Explanation: Sounds with higher pitches have greater frequencies.
D. Characteristic: frequency Explanation: Sounds with higher pitches have greater frequencies.
400
A group of students in a class is researching how cellular telephones transmit sound from one person to another person who is hundreds of miles away. The group presents a step-by-step description to the class.
Cellular Telephone Process
1. The cellular telephone converts sound energy into digital signals.
2. The digital signals are transmitted to a cell tower a few miles away.
3. The cell tower transmits the digital signals to a switching office.
4. The switching office transmits the digital signals to another cell tower hundreds of miles away.
5. The cell tower transmits the digital signals to the telephone of the person receiving the call a few miles away.
6. The receiver telephone converts digital signals into sound.
Which statement most accurately describes a step of the cellular telephone transmission process?
A. In step 1, digital information is converted into mechanical waves.
B. In step 2, the digital signals are transmitted using electromagnetic waves.
C. In step 5, the digital signals are transmitted using sound waves.
D. In step 6, sound waves are converted into electromagnetic waves.
B. In step 2, the digital signals are transmitted using electromagnetic waves.
400
A student is investigating the properties of sound waves and light waves. To learn more about sound, the student constructs a straw horn following the procedure below.
Procedure
1. Collect three plastic straws and cut them to three different lengths.
2. Flatten the top end of each straw and cut off the top corners of each straw.
3. Tape the three straws together.
4. Blow air downward into each straw and listen to the sound
The student wants to investigate how sound waves from the straw horn interact with different materials. Which wave property should be tested, and which method should be used to test it?
A. Wave property: absorption Method: playing the straw horn in a room with hard surfaces and a room with soft surfaces
B. Wave property: absorption Method: making several sounds from straws of different lengths
C. Wave property: pitch Method: playing the straw horn in a room with hard surfaces and a room with soft surfaces
D. Wave property: pitch Method: making several sounds from straws of different lengths
A. Wave property: absorption Method: playing the straw horn in a room with hard surfaces and a room with soft surfaces
400
A light source sends light waves through a small opening in a piece of paper to a screen. The diagram shows the setup.
Circle a word or phrase in each set of parentheses to describe the most likely effect that the opening in the paper will have on the light waves.
The light waves will be diffracted by the opening in the paper, causing the light waves to (cancel out / come together / spread out ) and appear ( brighter / dimmer / equally bright ).
spread out
dimmer
500
A student uses three different-sized metal container lids to produce sounds. The student has the three metal lid sizes shown in the table.
Part A: The student strikes the 45-cm lid to produce a sound. If the student wants to produce a higher-pitched sound, which method should the student most likely use?
A. striking the same lid with more force
B. striking the 60-cm lid with the same amount of force
C. striking the 30-cm lid with the same amount of force
D. striking the same lid with the same force but from farther away
Part B: Which sound wave characteristic changes the most between each trial?
A. crest C. amplitude
B. shape D. frequency
Part A : C. striking the 30-cm lid with the same amount of force
Part B: D. frequency
500
A teacher places an apple on a table in a sunlit classroom. The students observe that the apple appears red. The teacher then holds a blue filter in front of the apple. The blue filter transmits only blue light. The students observe that the apple appears black.
Why does the apple appear black and not red when observed with the blue filter?
A. The colors of the visible spectrum are destroyed by the filter, and no colors are reflected.
B. The colors of the visible spectrum are destroyed by the filter, and no colors are absorbed.
C. The other colors of the visible spectrum are reflected by the filter, and no colors are absorbed.
D. The other colors of the visible spectrum are absorbed by the filter, and no colors are reflected.
D. The other colors of the visible spectrum are absorbed by the filter, and no colors are reflected.
500
A student uses rubber bands, paper towel tubes, and two tissue boxes of different sizes to build two guitars. Guitar 2 is deeper and wider than guitar 1. Both guitars have an equal length. The student uses four rubber bands, each with a different width, as strings on each guitar.
Which statement best describes the sounds made by the guitars?
A. Guitar 1 is the louder guitar because the sound energy produced by plucking a rubber band causes a smaller volume of air in the box to resonate and amplify the sound.
B. Guitar 2 is the louder guitar because the sound energy produced by plucking a rubber band causes a larger volume of air in the box to resonate and amplify the sound.
C. Guitar 1 is the louder guitar because the rubber bands are stretched tighter around the box, amplifying the sound.
D. Guitar 2 is the louder guitar because the rubber bands are less stretched around the box, amplifying the sound.
B. Guitar 2 is the louder guitar because the sound energy produced by plucking a rubber band causes a larger volume of air in the box to resonate and amplify the sound.
500
Solar photovoltaic (PV) cells capture sunlight to produce electrical energy. The graph shows the components of sunlight reaching Earth’s surface.
Which statement explains which PV cells would most likely produce more energy from sunlight?
A. Blue-absorbing PV cells would produce more energy because infrared light wavelengths are most of the energy in sunlight and produce more energy from sunlight.
B. Red-absorbing PV cells would produce more energy because infrared light wavelengths are most of the energy in sunlight and produce more energy from sunlight.
C. Blue-absorbing PV cells would produce more energy because blue-light wavelengths contain more energy than other wavelengths and produce more energy from sunlight.
D. Red-absorbing PV cells would produce more energy because blue-light wavelengths contain more energy than other wavelengths and produce more energy from sunlight
C. Blue-absorbing PV cells would produce more energy because blue-light wavelengths contain more energy than other wavelengths and produce more energy from sunlight.