WAVES
What is the bottom of a wave called?
Trough
Global winds
Which cold water currents flows from the poles to the West coast of the United States?
California current
The rise and fall of water daily.
Tides
What are the two MONTHLY tides?
Spring and Neap tide.
What orbits the Earth?
the moon
What causes waves and surface currents?
wind
What protects coastlines from storm surge?
Mangroves & Reefs
What is the top part of a wave called?
Crest
Warm water currents such as the Gulf Stream move water from ________________ to _______________.
Equator to the poles
What is the largest and most powerful warm water surface current that can affect Great Britain's climate?
Gulf Stream
What is the greatest influence on the movement of ties?
The moon's gravitational pull.
Which monthly tide is strong?
Spring
How often does a Neap tide occur?
2x a month
Trying to roll a ball straight on a merry go round but it curves is an example of what?
Coriolis Effect
How is the Gulf Stream & California Current different?
Gulf Stream-Equator to poles, warm
Cali-Arctic to equator, cold
What is the crest to crest or trough to trough of a wave called?
Wavelength
90% of the currents in the ocean are deep water currents. There are two major types of currents in the ocean, what is the other type of current?
Surface currents.
What causes the movement of deep-ocean currents?
The change in temperature and salinity which affects density.
Why does the moon have a greater gravitation pull on tides that the Sun, when the Sun is the largest object in our solar system?
The moon is closer to Earth.
What is the arrangement of the Earth, moon, and Sun for a Neap tide?
Right angle
How often does a Spring tide occur?
2x a month
What motion do water particles move in a wave?
Circular.
What is it called when warm currents are pushed away from the equator and cold deep ocean water rises to the surface, replenishing nutrients?
Upwelling
What is the crest to trough of a wave called?
Wave Height
Ocean currents in the Northern hemisphere turn in which direction because of the Coriolis effect?
Clockwise
As depth increases, what happens to the movement of water particles?
Movement decreases
What are the two types of DAILY tides?
High tide and low tide.
What is the arrangement for the Earth, moon, and Sun for a Spring tide?
Straight line.
What moon phases cause a Spring tide?
Full and New moon.
What direction does an undertow flow?
What do scientist call the change in water temperature making it warm and stops upwelling?
El Nino
What causes waves?
Describe the temperature and density of deep-ocean currents compared to surface currents.
Colder and more dense than surface currents.
Surface currents are driven by wind circulation, while this type of current is driven by circulation based on the heat and salinity of water.
Deep water currents.
Two high tides and two low tides occur how often?
2x a day each
What monthly tide causes the highest of the high tides and lowest of the low tides?
Spring tide
What moon phases cause a Neap tide?
1st and 3rd/ last quarter
Hurricanes can cause a local rise in sea level near shore. What do scientists call this?
Storm surge.
How do earthquakes cause a tsunami from the FORCE of the quake?
Pushes a large body of water up from the ocean floor.
Why do waves increase in height as they approach the shore?
The waves interact with the ocean floor, causing them to slow down and build in height.
How do warm water currents affect the climate?
They create unusually warm climates for the latitude.
This type of surface current is fast moving, perpendicular to shore, and can be dangerous to swimmers due to its speed and difficulty to escape.
Rip Current
Describe what is happening at high tide (using the vocabulary word: tidal bulge)
The moons gravity is pulling ocean water into a tidal bulge.
What monthly tide causes a lower high tide that normal and a lower low tide that normal?
Neap tide.
Spring tides and Neap tides occur in patterns governed (controlled) by what?
The relative positions of the Earth, moon, and Sun.
The difference between levels of ocean water at high and low tide is called?
Tidal range
Explain the chain of energy that creates surface currents on the ocean. (hint:3 steps start with what causes wind)