Physical Geography
1. Why is Europe called a “peninsula of peninsulas”?
It is a large peninsula with many smaller peninsulas.
6. What important idea about government came from Ancient Greece?
Democracy and citizen participation.
11. Why did feudalism develop after Rome fell?
People needed protection and stability.
16. Why did European countries explore overseas?
To find new trade routes, wealth, and resources.
21. What problem did Marie Antoinette mention about the poor?
They were overwhelmed with heavy taxes.
2. Why was the Northern European Plain important?
It allowed easy farming, travel, and settlement.
7. How did Roman law influence future governments?
It created ideas about written laws and equal treatment.
12. Who held major power during the Middle Ages?
The Roman Catholic Church.
17. What was the Columbian Exchange?
The exchange of goods, plants, animals, and diseases between continents.
22. What did heavy taxes reveal about French society before the Revolution?
The lower classes carried most of the burden.
3. What geographic feature helped protect Europe from invasion in some regions?
Mountain ranges.
8. Why are Greek ideas still important today?
They influenced modern democratic governments.
13. What was feudalism mainly based on?
Protection in exchange for land and loyalty.
18. How did Gutenberg’s printing press change Europe?
It spread knowledge and new ideas.
23. What is nationalism?
Pride and loyalty to one’s nation.
4. How did geography help Europe trade with other places?
Europe has many coastlines and access to water for trade.
9. What was one major achievement of the Roman Empire?
Creating written laws that applied to citizens.
14. Why did people rely on local lords during feudal times?
There was no strong central government.
19. Name one major effect of the Columbian Exchange.
New crops and diseases spread between continents.
24. How did nationalism increase conflict in the 1800s?
Countries competed fiercely, leading to tension and war.
5. Why did people settle on the Northern European Plain?
Fertile land and easy movement made farming and trade possible.
10. How did Roman ideas spread beyond Rome?
Through conquest and influence across Europe.
15. How did the Church influence daily life?
It shaped education, beliefs, and political authority.
20. How did the printing press affect learning?
More people could access books and ideas.
25. Why can nationalism be both positive and dangerous?
It creates unity, but it can also increase rivalry and conflict.