Prenatal/Labor
A systematic four-step abdominal palpation technique used to determine fetal position, presentation, and engagement in late pregnancy
Leopold's maneuvers
A pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure
This PTL medication is an anticonvulsant CNS depressant that interferes with calcium uptake in myometrium cells. This results in reduced muscular contraction, leading to smooth muscle relaxation.
Magnesium sulfate
This occurs from blood accumulation between the scalp and skull due to ruptured blood vessels, often caused by trauma during delivery.
Cephalohematoma (DOES NOT cross suture lines); can be due to prolonged labor/use of medical devices
Caput Succedaneum - DOES cross suture lines; due to fluid accumulation under the scalp from pressure on the head during vaginal delivery; "cone shape"
Jaundice is a condition characterized by the yellowing of the skin and eyes caused by high levels of _______ in the blood
bilirubin
Which of the following prenatal tests are diagnostic?
GTT, CVS, HIV, Amniocentesis, DNA, GBS, Syphilis
CVS, amniocentesis
Amniocentesis is a non-routine test where a thin needle is inserted through the abdominal wall, guided by an ultrasound image. The needle is passed into the amniotic sac and a small sample of amniotic fluid is removed for analysis (NTDs, genetic testing for Trisomies)
This condition occurs when a fertilized egg implants outside of the uterine cavity
Ectopic pregnancy
Name of the medications used to slow or stop uterine contractions, typically to delay premature labor and allow more time for the fetus to mature
Tocolytics or tocolytic agents
Examples: Terbutaline, Magnesium Sulfate, Nifedipine
A normal newborn condition that causes a bluish discoloration of the skin on their hands, feet and sometimes around the mouth
Acrocyanosis
LGA newborns are at risk for this birth complication during active pushing/labor
Shoulder dystocia
This stage of labor begins with the birth of the baby and ends with delivery of the __________
third; placenta
Stage 1: Starts with true labor and ends when 10 cm
Stage 2: Starts with pushing and ends with delivery of baby
Stage 3: Starts with the birth of baby and ends with delivery of placenta
Stage 4: Recovery
This condition is a severe form of nausea and vomiting that can lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances
Hyperemesis gravidarum
1. Why do we give antenatal glucocorticoids to moms in PTL?
2. Name one that is typically given
Accelerates fetal lung maturity; betamethasone or dexamethasone
1. This is the first secretion from the mammary glands after giving birth, also known as "liquid gold"
2. Please list 2 breastfeeding contraindications
1. Colostrum
2. Maternal HIV, galactosemia, mother with active TB, maternal illicit drug use
This condition is a breathing disorder that most often affects babies born before 28 weeks but can occur in any baby born before 37 weeks. It is caused by a lack of surfactant and underdeveloped alveoli.
Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)
Please list 3 cardiovascular changes during pregnancy
Supine hypotension, stasis of blood in lower extremities, increased heart rate, cardiac hypertrophy, heart sounds/murmurs, increased plasma
This abnormality causes bright red bleeding with a normal FHR pattern
Placenta previa
Placenta previa: Implantation occurs over or near cervix; painless or with urine activity, normal FHR, bright red bleeding
Placental abruption: Separation of placenta from wall of uterus; dark red bleeding, painful, FHR changes (late decels = placental insufficiency)
Please list 4 signs/symptoms of PTL
Uterine contractions/abdominal cramping, diarrhea, low back ache, pelvic pressure, urinary frequency, SROM, bleeding and/or spotting
Please list 4 newborn reflexes that should be present at birth
Moro, stepping, rooting, babinski, palmar, tonic neck (fencing)
Which of the following symptom is NOT a sign of sepsis in a newborn?
Lethargy, irritability, hypertonia, pallor, clammy skin, tachycardia, jaundice
Hypertonia
s/s sepsis in newborns: hypotonia, lethargy OR irritability, tachycardia then bradycardia, pallor, clammy skin, temperature instability, jaundice, feeding intolerance
Your patient is pregnant for the fourth time and is due in August. Her first pregnancy ended with twin boys at 34 weeks, the second was a miscarriage at 12 weeks, and the third pregnancy resulted in a girl at 38 weeks. All children are living. What is her GTPAL and G-P?
G = 4
T = 1
P = 1 (even though it's twins, it's 1 pre-term pregnancy)
A = 1 (miscarriage or planned abortion)
L = 3
G4P2
Gravida = total # of pregnancies
Para = total # of pregnancies > 20 weeks (book says 24)
Please list 4 potential birth risks/complications of diabetic mothers (GDM and/or Type 2 DM)
Macrosomia, shoulder dystocia, preeclampsia, polyhydramnios, preterm labor, congenital anomalies, fetal distress, stillbirth, neonatal death
Please list 5 risk factors for PTL/birth
Previous PTB, short cervix, multiple gestation, PPROM, infections, smoking/substance abuse, low pre-pregnancy weight/poor maternal nutrition, stress/hormonal changes
This is the test/score given to newborns shortly after birth to determine how well they are adapting post birth. Please list out what the full acronym stands for.
APGAR score (completed at 1 and 5 minutes). Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respiration
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ disease of the newborn is a blood disorder that occurs when a mother's immune system attacks her baby's red blood cells during pregnancy. It is prevented with an IM medication called _ _ _ _ _ _.
Hemolytic; RhoGAM