Land Acquisition
1455 The Doctrine of Discovery: Who granted permission for all Christian nations to “invade, search out, capture, vanquish, and subdue all Saracens and pagans”?
A.King Ferdinand of Spain
B. Martin Luther of Germany
C. Pope Nicholas
D. Leonardo da Vinci
C. Pope Nicholas
Due to the horrid conditions on slave ships, the mortality aboard was estimated to be around ______%.
A. 5%
B. 10%
C. 15%
C. 15%
1881-1965: Jim Crow Laws Which Supreme Court case gave official sanctioning to the racial segregation throughout the South?
A. Dred Scott v. Sanford
B. Plessy v. Fergusson
C. Brown v. Board of Education
D. Roe v. Wade
B. Plessy v. Fergusson
1910-Present: Heir Property Exploitation Black landowners often did not have access to legal services in order to create wills, so their property is inherited in common by their descendants, who become the legal co-owners. Heir property is vulnerable to corrupt lawyers and predatory developers because they only need to convince one heir to sell in order to force the sale of the entire property, known as a partition sale. It is estimated that in the 20th century, over _____ % of all Black land loss was due to partition sales.
A. 10%
B. 25%
C. 50%
C. 50%
TRUE or FALSE? In 2002 Black people accounted for 13 percent of the US population, but 31% of police killing victims.
true
1455 The Doctrine of Discovery This Papal decree from the Middle Ages was upheld in US Supreme Court in 1823. They declared that the European discovery of land annuls and revokes the right of _______ to occupy their lands and territories.
A. Catholics
B. Asians
C. Native Americans
C. Native Americans
1865: Special Field Order No. 15 Otherwise known as the “Forty Acres and a mule” order by General Sherman, this military proclamation ordered over 400,000 acres of land to be distributed to former enslaved people. Which of the following US presidents put an end to its enactment?
A. Andrew Johnson
B. Abraham Lincoln
C. Abraham Lincoln
D. Donald Trump
A. Andrew Johnson
1865-1941: Convict Leasing All of the Black people convicted of their crimes under the Black codes (see above) could be leased out to private businesses for labor. In 1898, what % of Alabama’s entire state revenue came from this process?
A. 33%
B. 73%C. 53%
B. 73%
1933-1977: Redlining The following guidance was contained in the manuals for the Federal Housing Administration: “prevent the infiltration of inharmonious racial groups.” The net effect of these regulations included all of the following EXCEPT:
A. Lower property values
B. Difficulty for Black people to get home loans
C. Increased association of suburbia with “whiteness”
D. More pride in all-Black schools
D. More pride in all-Black schools
The earliest organized police forces in the US were created in order to:
A. Fight the British in the Revolutionary War
B. Catch runaway slaves
C. Combat the distribution of illegal drugs
D. Protect Colonial women from abusive husbands
B. Catch runaway slaves
In what year was the Doctrine of Discovery nullified? "It renounces the mindset of cultural or racial superiority which allowed for that objectification or subjection of people, and strongly condemns any attitudes or actions that threaten or damage the dignity of the human person."
A. 1853
B. 1953
C. 2023C. 2023
1619-1865: It is estimated that in today’s dollars, slavery in the US generated 42 ______ dollars in wealth for the enslavers and the US economy in general.
A. million
B. billion
C. trillion
C. Trillion
1877-1950: Terror Campaign All of the following towns had all or the majority of the Black owned businesses destroyed by white mobs EXCEPT:
A. Rosewood, FL
B. Elaine, AR
C. Tulsa, OK
D. Wilmington, NC
Trick question (racism isn't fair)! All 4 towns had all or the majority of the Black owned businesses destroyed by white mobs.
1933-Present: Federal Discrimination Against Black Farmers The US Dept. of Agriculture is an important government office that helps farmers apply for the programs to which they are entitled, such as loans and technical support. When Black farmers tried to access these programs, which of the following would typically occur?
A. Their applications were processed quickly and efficiently
B. Their applications were thrown in the trash
C. Their applications helped create better civil rights
B. Their applications were thrown in the trash
Police officers’ reliance on millions of minor traffic stops annually as a pretext to investigate drivers for criminal activity disproportionately impacts Black and Latinx drivers, but police are often less likely to find drugs or weapons among the Black and Latinx drivers that they search, compared to whites. Among those they pull over, police search Black drivers how many times more often than white drivers?
A. twice as likely
B. four times as likely
C. equally as likely
A. twice as likely
1862: The Homestead Act Over 160 million acres of Native American land was granted to White settlers. Black people were included in some of the legislation, but _________ prevented most from participating.
A. Black respect for Native American property rights
B. Rampant discrimination and bureaucracy
C. Colder weather
D. Black people’s desire to stay on the cotton plantations of the South
B. Rampant discrimination and bureaucracy
1865-1877: The Black Codes The 13th Amendment abolished slavery except for when people were convicted of crimes. All of the following “crimes” were established to keep Black people working in neo-slavery conditions, EXCEPT:
A. Loitering
B. Quitting your job
C. Congregating in church
D. Owning farmlandC. Congregating in church
1865-1874: The Freedmen’s Bank Millions of dollars of savings were swindled away from Black depositors by white managers in speculative railroad investments that went belly up. Who made the following comment about the scope of the tragedy? “Not even ten additional years of slavery could have done so much to throttle the thrift of the freedmen as the mismanagement and bankruptcy of the [Freedmen’s Bank]."
A. Abraham Lincoln
B. W.E.B. DuBois
C. Malcolm X
D. Rev. Al Sharpton
B. W.E.B. DuBois
1935-Present: Exclusion from the New Deal The administration of Franklin D. Roosevelt helped push forward many new and helpful programs to benefit Americans such as the Social Security Act and the Fair Labor Standards Act. Which two groups of workers were excluded from receiving benefits?
A. Police and firefighters
B. Doctors and lawyers
C. Teachers and Professors
D. Agricultural and Domestic Workers
D. Agricultural and Domestic Workers
Black and white Americans use illicit drugs at roughly similar rates, and Black people make up 14% of the U.S. population. How many more Black people are arrested for drug law violations than white people?
A. 1/4 of the people arrested for drug law violations are Black
B. 1/10 of the people arrested for drug law violations are Black
C. 1/25 of the people arrested for drug law violations are Black
A. 1/4 of the people arrested for drug law violations are Black
The net effect of the Terror Campaign, Jim Crow laws, Theft of Black Owned Land, Heir Property Exploitation, and Federal Discrimination resulted in what percentage drop in the number of Black farmers between 1900 and 1975, and in the acres of land owned by Black farmers?
A. 10%
B. 95%
C. 50%
B. 95%
1971-Present: Mass Incarceration Which “War” was President Nixon’s chief of domestic policy John Ehrlichman explaining and defending in the following quote: “We had two enemies: the antiwar left and black people, you understand what I'm saying? We knew we couldn't make it illegal to be either against the war or black, but by getting the public to associate the hippies with marijuana and blacks with heroin, and then criminalizing both heavily, we could disrupt those communities.”
A. War on Drugs
B. War on Crime
C. War on Poverty
D. War on Communism
A. War on Drugs
1865-1940’s: Sharecropping All of the following were true about sharecropping EXCEPT:
A. Black people paid white landowners for tools, seeds and supplies
B. Black farmers and white farmers shared in the cultivation of the crops
C. Many Black people owed more at the end of the season than the beginning
D. Millions of Black migrated to the north to escape the system & its conditions
B. Black farmers and white farmers did not share the cultivation of crops.
1944: The GI Bill Designed to provide home loans and educational benefits for veterans returning home from WWII, the GI Bill was racially discriminatory. For example, out of the 67,000 home mortgages insured for vets in the NYC area, only ________ ended up going to Black veterans.
A. 25000
C. 1,000
B. 100
1949-1970s: Urban Renewal The Housing Act of 1949 gave cities permission to condemn and clear low-income neighborhoods, which they designated as “slums”, in order to build highways and entice new development. Over 300,000 families, mostly Black, were displaced from their homes, which prompted writer James Baldwin to observe “Urban renewal means Negro _______.”
A. Renewal
B. Remodel
C. Removal
D. Retoodle
C. Removal