Types of Rock
This type of rock forms when lava or magma cools.
Igneous
The process that breaks down rocks into smaller pieces is called this.
Weathering
Rocks can change from one type to another through this ongoing process.
The rock cycle
The building blocks of rocks.
Minerals
Which two natural forces shape Earth’s surface most through erosion?
Wind and water
This rock forms from layers of sediment being pressed together.
Sedimentary
The movement of sediments from one place to another is called this.
Erosions
Magma becomes igneous rock through this process.
Cooling and solidification
When magma or lava cools, what happens to form minerals?
Crystals form
When gravity causes rocks and soil to slide downhill, what is that called?
Landslide
This rock forms from heat and pressure deep inside Earth.
Metamorphic
Name one agent of erosion (something that causes it).
Water, wind, ice, or gravity
Sedimentary rock becomes metamorphic rock through these two forces.
Heat and pressure
What do we call a solid with atoms arranged in a repeating pattern?
Crystal
What process moves sediment into new layers?
Deposition
True or False: Sedimentary rocks can form from shells or plant remains.
True
When water freezes in cracks and breaks rocks apart, it’s called this type of weathering.
Ice wedging (mechanical weathering)
What process breaks rocks into sediment?
Weathering
What state of matter are rocks and minerals?
Solid
What happens to rock when it’s exposed to wind and rain for millions of years?
It weathers and breaks down
Name all three main rock types in the rock cycle.
Igneous, Sedimentary, Metamorphic
What type of weathering changes a rock’s composition using acid rain or oxidation?
Chemical weathering
What two steps are needed to turn sediment into sedimentary rock?
Compaction and cementation
Name one way minerals can form besides from cooling magma.
Evaporation of water or changes in heat/pressure
List the three main processes that shape Earth’s surface in order.
Weathering → Erosion → Deposition