Molten material that slowly cools and hardens on or beneath earth's surface.
What is igneous?
100
The material that does not come from materials that were once a living thing.
What is inorganic material?
100
Forces inside earth can push rocks down toward heat of the earth's interior. Under great heat and pressure, the minerals in the rock can be changed into other rocks.
What is Metamorphic rock?
100
A solid made up of particles that line up in a pattern that repeats over and over again.
What is a crystal?
100
It is made up of certain elements in a definite proportions.
What is definite chemical composition?
200
Is a rock that contains a metal and other useful minerals that can be mined and sold at a profit.
What is ore?
200
An ore is mixed with other elements and is melted with other substances and then melted to separate the useful metal from other elements the ore contains.
What is smelting?
200
Water and weather case rock to break down, forming sediment. Layers of sediment that are carried by water or wind build up and are squeezed together by their own weight.
What is sedimentary rock?
200
The process that breaks down rock and other substances at Earth's surface.
What is weathering?
200
The transportation of sediment by wind, water, ice, or gravity.
What is erosion?
300
ice in rocks widen and deepen cracks.
What is a wedge?
300
Rock particles, minerals, decayed organic material, water, and air.
What are 5 things of soil composed of?
300
A dark-colored substance that forms as plant and animal remains decay.
What is humus
300
the solid layer of rock beneath soil. Once exposed to the surface, it gradually weathers into smaller particles that are the basic material of soil.
What is bedrock
300
causes very rapid chemical weathering
What is acid rain
400
A layer of soil that differs in color and texture from the layers above or below it.
What is soil horizon
400
C horizon forms as bedrock weathers and breaks up into rock particles. 2. The A horizon develops as plants add organic material to the soil and plant roots weather pieces of rock. 3. The B horizon develops as rainwater washes clay and minerals from the A horizon to the B horizon.
What are the 3 steps to the formation of soil horizons
400
naturally occurring, inorganic solid, crystal shape, forms on or beneath earth's surface, definite chemical composition
What are the 5 characteristics of a mineral?
400
Topsoil, a crumbly, dark brown, soil that is a mixture of humus, clay, and other minerals.
What A horizon?
400
The loose layer of leaves on the surface of soil.
What is litter?
500
farmers disturb the soil and its plant cover as little as possible.
What is conservation plowing
500
the transpiration of sediment by wind, water, ice, or gravity.
What is erosion?
500
the grinding away of rock by rock particles carried by water, ice, wind, or gravity.
What is Abrasion
500
the most important cause of chemical weathering.
Iron combines with oxygen in the presence of water in a process called
What is Oxidation
500
Organisms that break the remains of dead organisms and digest them with chemicals