Week 1
Most neuroscientists support this, the idea that mental activity and brain activity are inseparable.
Monism
How many lobes are in the cerebral cortex?
Four (Frontal, Temporal, Parietal, Occipital)
Patient H.M had his hippocampus removed. Did his IQ and vocabulary skills remain intact?
Yes, he could recall facts about his life prior to the surgery and could even carry on a conversation
Hippocampus or Striatum?
Rapid learning, flexible use of information: __________
Gradual learning, development of habits: ___________
Often implicit, procedural memory: ________________
Explicit, declarative memory: _____________________
Hippocampus;
Striatum;
Striatum;
Hippocampus
This biological explanation examines how behaviours have evolved across species over time.
Evolutionary Explanations
__________ forms myelin sheath in the PNS and _________ forms myelin sheath in the CNS
Schwann Cells; Oligodendrocytes.
Which part of the neuron is also referred to as the post-synaptic terminal?
Dendrite
Are pharmacological manipulations an example of correlational or causal methods in neuroscience?
Causal Methods as the drugs are used to alter brain function
Which ion usually blocks the NMDA receptor of the post-synaptic terminal?
Magnesium
Capillary cells in the CNS are tightly joined forming this protective barrier
The blood-brain barrier
The 3 Rs in animal research are.
Reduction, Replacement and Refinement
This amino acid serves as an important neurotransmitter in the brain as the primary inhibitory transmitter
GABA (Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid)
This measure of brain activity shows poor spatial resolution
EEG (Electroencephalography)
Place cells are to hippocampus as grid cells are to the ________
Entorhinal Cortex
Match the following to the corresponding part of the Action Potential Sequence:
1) Depolarisation,
2) Repolarisation,
3) Hyperpolarisation,
a) Sodium-Potassium Pump,
b) Sodium Channel Open,
c) Potassium Channel Open.
1 = b (Depolarisation = Sodium Channels Open)
2 = c (Repolarisation = Potassium Channels Open)
3 = a (Hyperpolarisation = Sodium Potassium Pump)
What relation to the spinal cord are the dorsal and ventral directions of the head?
Right Angle (or 90 degrees)
Neurons, the fundamental functional units of the nervous system, are found predominantly in which part of the brain?
Cerebellum (69 billion)
Which part of the brain is involved in Nondeclarative learning, specifically procedural learning?
Striatum
Long-Term Potentiation (LTP): The prolonged increase in synaptic strength after brief, intense stimulation shows:
S_______: (its specific to the stimulated synapses)
C_______: (simultaneous activation of multiple inputs produce a stronger effect)
A_______: (pairing a weak input with a strong one can strengthen the response to weaker input)
Specificity; Cooperativity; Associativity
What is the particularly powerful technique that allows for incredibly precise control of specific neurons by inserting light-sensitive proteins into neurons, allowing researchers to activate or inhibit them using light pulses?
Optogenetics
What is the purpose of the motor nerve in the spinal cord?
Carries motor information out to the muscles (Sensory Afferent Motor Efferent) SAME (A=Arrive, E=Exit)
The influx of ______ ions is responsible for ________ where vesicles fuse with the cell membrane and release neurotransmitter molecules into the synaptic cleft
Calcium; Exocytosis
____ proposed ________ (meaning all parts of the cortex contribute equally to complex behaviours like learning), whereas _______ used eyeblink response in rabbits when finding the ________
Lashley; Equipotentiality; Thompson; Engram
The Amygdala is the fear centre. What are the purposes of the lateral amygdala and the central amygdala?
Lateral Amygdala: Receives sensory input, forms fear memories
Central Amygdala: Outputs to fear response systems
What is the Hebbian learning principle?
Cells that fire together, wire together