Cell Adaptations
Cells become SMALLER d/t reduced metabolic demand
Atrophy
Atrophy example
muscle wasting during prolonged bed rest
Metaplasia example
Smoking --> columnar to squamos epethelium
GERD (barrett's esophagus) --> squamos cells change to columnar cells
Tay-Sachs Disease onset, progression, & prognosis
Onset: begins around 6 mos
Progression: Mental & physical abilities deteriorate
Prognosis: Eventually fatal
Huntington's Progressive Signs
Chorea increases
Cognitive decline
motor control worsens
INCREASE in cell size
Atrophy intervention
ROM exercises
Define dysplasia
abnormal cell growth and organization w/ malignancy potential
Cystic fibrosis treatment
water
corticosteroid inhalers
chest physiotx and airway clearance
Down Syndrome Cause and diagnostic test
extra copy of chromosome 21 and karyotyping
Physicological (normal) types of hypertophy
exercise
True or False: Atrophy is reversible if caught early
TRUE
Dysplasia clinical significance
potential precursor to cancer
CF characteristic
sticky, thick mucus
Hex-A gene mutation
What is bacterial meninges?
inflammation of meninges (brain & spinal cord membranes)
Pathological (disease response) hypertophy example
HTN
What is metaplasia?
One cell type replaced by another
Example one example of dysplasia
Cervical dysplasia on pap smear
Dysplasia in colon who has ulcerative colitis
Tay-sachs treatment
No tx, just management to improve QOL
First line tx for bacterial meninges
Classical presentation
abx
"MASK"
Clinical examples of hypertrophy
enalrged heart muscles in athletes vs. heart failure
Clinical significance of metaplasia
protective response to chronic irritation
Classical signs of inflammation process
Redness (rubor)
Swelling (tumor)
Pain (dolor)
Extra: Heat (calor) and loss of fx
Huntington's Disease Early signs
Chorea
Mood Swings
Depression
Irritability
1. Bacterial meningitis common causes
2. Early signs
3. Diagnostic test
1. Strep pneumonie, neisseria meningitidis, H influenzae
2. neck stiffness, photophobia
3. lumbar puncture