Week 1 Foundations

Cell Structure

100

Organelle tasked with Fatty acid degeneration; contains catalase 

Peroxisomes

200

Tightly wound and inaccessible DNA

Heterochromatin

300

Site of ETC and ATP synthesis (specific location)

Inner Mitochondrial Matrix 

400

At this organelle  M6P are added to proteins for trafficking to lysosomes

golgi

500

This transport protein selects cargo and deforms the membrane 

Coat

Cell Cycle

100

This Cyclin and CDK pair are needed to progress cells from G1 to S (bonus points for the specific function)

cyclin E and CDK 2

degrades p27 and activates helicase

200

These are the four functions of MPF

1. Chromatin Condensation

2. Nuclear envelope breakdown

3. fragmentation of the golgi apparatus

4. spindle formation

300

these are the residues at which CDKs are phosphorylated for activation 

Threonine 160/161

(remember you must by 16 to drive)

400

This protein can remove inhibitory phosphates  from CDKs

CDC25

500

When this protein is degraded, mitosis is over.

Cyclin B

Cell Injury

100

This cellular adaptation is when cells change to an abnormal cell type.

Bonus: this is a precursor for what?

dysplasia

Cancer

200

This type of cell death is always pathological 

Necrosis

300

These are the four mechanisms of cell injury 

Mitochondrial damage

Influx of Ca2+

Membrane damage

Protein misfolding 

400

These are the numbers of each caspase 

- intrinsic initiator

- extrinsic initiator 

- executioner

9, 8/10, 3/6

500

This type of necrosis is characterized by rapid hydrolysis of tissue

Liquefaction Necrosis

DNA Structure, Replication, and Repair

100

This is the Major form of DNA

B

200

This is the Number of origins of replication in Prokaryotes

1

300

This DNA polymerase is in prokaryotes and has bidirectional proofreading abilities

DNA Polymerase I

400

Methyltransferase repair function is in this category

Direct Repair 

500

This Eukaryotic DNA polymerase adds the first base after primase

DNA Polymerase alpha

Transcription and Translation

100

This is where RNA polymerase II binds

The TATA Box

200

This is the affect of of Histone Acetylation

(Bonus: explain why)

Unwinds DNA from histone to make euchromatin

Negative charge creates repulsion

300

This method of transcription termination requires energy 

(Bonus: what kind of energy)

Rho dependent 

ATP

400

These two phases of translation require these two forms of energy 

AA being added to tRNA by aminoacyl tRNA Synthetase, ATP

Elongation, GTP

500

This is the RNA Polymerase for tRNA

III