Lymphatics
A 35-year old female presents to your ED with soreness and heaviness in her chest. As you gather a history on this patient, she reveals that she has a family history of breast cancer. During your workup, you plan to sample lymph from the sentinel node that drains her left breast which is the:
a.Parasternal node
b.Apical node
c.Axillary node
d.Lateral thoracic node
e. Medial pectoral node
C. Axillary node
45 year old man was trimming the branches on the top of a tree in his yard when a bird startled him and he started to fall off his ladder. On his fall he managed to grab a branch on his way down greatly slowing his fall. However his arm was severely stretched. On evaluation in the ER the patient's arm was adducted, internally rotated, with his forearm extended and hand pronated. Which nerves are damaged?
A: Radial nerve
B: C5-C7
C: C8-T1
D: Median Nerve
E: Axillary nerve
B. C5-C7 Erb’s Palsy, upper brachial plexus (Waiter's Tip deformity)
the prefix for abnormal or bad
dys-
Examination of a 3-day-old infant reveals a large cyst approximately 15 cm x 10 cm in the sacrococcygeal region. The mass was removed, and histopathological studies identified tissues from all three embryological germ layers. Which of the following embryonic tissues is most likely responsible for this condition?
a. remnants of primitive streak
b. chorionic villi
c. neural folds
d. intraembryonic coelom
e. neural crest cells
a. remnants of primitive streak
27 year old man is brought to the emergency room after a motor vehicle accident. He is immediately rushed to radiology where his imaging reveals a type 2 odontoid process fracture and its top portion has impinged the spinal cord at C2. What ligament ruptured most likely causing the imgement on the spinal cord?
a.Alar Ligament
b.Transverse Ligament
c.Apical Ligament
d.Interspinous Ligament
e.Anterior Longitudinal Ligament
B. Transverse Ligament
A 37-year-old woman comes to the emergency department with spasms, stiffness in the neck, and sweating. Her symptoms started 2 days after she fell while cleaning her attic and punctured the medial aspect of her hand on a rusty nail. She is diagnosed with a clostridium tetani infection. Which of the following is the order of lymphatic drainage from the site of injury?
A. Central,apical,lateral
B. Lateral, central, apical
C. Central, lateral, apical
D. Lateral, apical, central,
E. Apical, central, lateral
F. Apical, lateral, central
B. Lateral, central, apical
If you were to perform a thoracentesis along the paravertebral line. What vertebral level would you insert the needle?
A: t4-t6
B: t6-t8
C: t8-t10
D: t10-t12
E: t12-L2
D: t10-t12
the root for nose
rhin
A 26-year-old competitive football player has been complaining of pain, weakness, numbness, and tingling for the past 2 month in his lower limb. Imaging studies reveal a lumbar herniation between L4/L5 compressing the nerve roots and a portion of the spinal cord. The intervertebral disc is examined upon removal and the nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus. What is the embryological origin of these respectively?
A. Mesenchymal cells from sclerotome and notochord
B. Neural crest cells and ectoderm
C. Sclerotome and myotome
D. Mesenchymal cells and sclerotome and neural crest cells
A. Mesenchymal cells from sclerotome and notochord–this was something said in lecture. Remember that annulus fibrosus is essentially the only piece remaining of the notochord for the purpose of this test
One of your friends really loves fast cars. They decided to show off and go whipping around a corner, only to come to a sudden halt when running into a wall head-on. They now present to the ED with neck pain, which ligament is most likely hyperextended?
a.Nuchal ligament
b.Ligamentum flavum
c.Posterior longitudinal ligament
d.Anterior longitudinal ligament
Transverse cervical ligament
D. Anterior Longitudinal Ligament
A 45-year-old woman is bitten by a dog on the
lateral side of her hand. Two days later the woman
develops fever and swollen lymph nodes. Which of
the following groups of lymphatics will most likely
be involved?
A. Subscapular
B. Humeral
C. Pectoral
D. Parasternal
E. Central
E. Central
67 year old woman goes to her PCP because she is noticing a rash on her chest, just above her nipple. Her PCP looks into her medical history and comes to the conclusion she has Herpes Zoster. Which of the following statements is true of this condition?
A.The rash is located at T4 dermatome
B.Varicella zoster virus remained dormant in the in the sensory ganglion of T4
C.It is located at the T10 dermatome
D.The varicella zoster virus remained dormant in the dorsal root ganglion of T3
E.The rash should present ipsilateral
D. A.The varicella zoster virus remained dormant in the dorsal root ganglion of T3
the suffix for deficiency
-penia
A 13-year-old presented to his physician for evaluation of frequent sun burns that result in sever blister formation. Upon examination, the patient was found to have fair skin, hair, and eyes. Eye examination showed that the patient had reduced visual acuity. The patient was diagnosed with albinism, which results from a lack of tyrosinase, that causes less production of melanin. Which of the following is the embryological origin of the melanin-producing cells?
A. Primitive streak
B. Neural tube
C. Neural crest cells
D. Mesenchyme
E. Neuroepithelium
C. Neural crest cells
A 24 year old female presents to your office with symptoms typical of meningitis. To diagnose her you administer a lumbar puncture. During the procedure you hear two “pops”. What two structures, in order, caused the “pop” sounds?
A.Skin, then Interspinous Ligament
B.Supraspinous Ligament, then Interspinous Ligament
C.Dura Mater, then Ligamentum Flavum
D.Dura Mater, then Cauda Equina
E.Ligamentum Flavum, then Dura Mater
F.Ligamentum Flavum, then Cauda Equina
E. Ligamentum flavum, then Dura Mater
An 8-year-old boy scraped his right forearm while learning how to roller blade last weekend. His injury was superficial as he only developed a small scab on the ulnar aspect of his ventral forearm. Which of the following lymph nodes would lymph from this injury drain to first? HINT: 2 ANSWERS POSSIBLE
A. Apical
B. Central
C. Humeral
D. Lateral
E. Pectoral
F. Suprascapular G. Subclavian
H. Deltopectoral
C And D
Humeral & Lateral
What muscle is innervated by branches of both the median and ulnar nerves?
a. flexor carpi ulnaris
b. flexor digitorum profundus
c. flexor digitorum superficialis
d. flexor pollicis longus
e. pronator quadratus
b. flexor digitorum profundus
The prefixes for large
macro-
mega(lo)-
An 18-year-old female injured her spinal cord in a car accident. Examination showed weakness of her right upper limb. The doctor believes that the cell bodies of the somatic efferent nerve biers at the C6 level are damaged. The general location of these cell bodies developed from which of the following embryological structures?
A. Marginal zone
B. Alar plate
C. Sulcus limitans
D. Basal plate
E. Neural crest cells
F. Ventricular zone
D. Basal plate
It is your first day of clinical rotations, you begin in pulmonology. Your attending instructs you to listen for any potential crackles in the triangle of auscultation, whose lateral boundary is:
a.Lateral margin of trapezius
b.Superior margin of latissimus dorsi
c.Lateral margin of scapula
d.Medial margin of scapula
e. Medial margin of trapezius
D. Medial margin of scapula
A patient presents in the clinic with a cut to their medial arm by a vegetable cutting accident. Where will the lymph drain to?
A. Central node
B. Lateral node
C. Posterior node
D. Anterior node
B. Lateral node
During an industrial accident, a sheet metal worker lacerates the anterior surface of his wrist at the junction of his wrist and hand. Examination reveals no loss of hand function, but the skin on the thumb side of his palm is numb. Branches of which nerves must have been severed?
a. lateral antebrachial cutaneous
b. medial antebrachial cutaneous
c. median
d. radial
e. ulnar
the suffix for excessive flow
-rrhag(e/ia)
A 32-year-old woman who is 39 weeks pregnant was due for a schedule c- section in the next few days. During the patient’s pregnancy she was drinking alcohol actively, and was not taking her folic acid supplements as advised by her ObGyn. The patient had an uncomplicated delivery, however upon delivery the neonate was found to have an absent brain and skull. This is caused by which of the following?
A. Failure of the rostral neuropore to close
B. Failure of the caudal neuropore to close
C. Persistence of the nucleus pulopsus
D. Failure of migration of the neural crest cells
E. Complete neurulation
A. Failure of the rostral neuropore to close
A 63 year old woman present with multiple nodules throughout both hands. She is unable to extend her fingers and they are locked in an abnormal flexed position. You decide to diagnose her with Dupuytren’s Contracture. She then asks what in her hand is causing her symptoms. What anatomical feature of the hand is damaged leading to her condition?
A.Flexor Tendon
B.Ulnar Bursa
C.Palmar Aponeurosis
D.Extensor Hood
E.Flexor Retinaculum
C.Palmar Aponeurosis