Chemistry for Biology
Cell Structures and Functions
Central Dogma
Protein Synthesis
Miscellaneous
100
Strong, weak inter-molecular forces between hydrogen and three other elements.
What is hydrogen bonding?
100
The major type of lipid found in the cell membrane.
What is phospholipids?
100
Enzyme that produces primary transcript RNA in the 3' to 5' direction of the template.
What is RNA polymerase?
100
A protein that DNA wraps around to create nucleosomes.
What is histone?
100
A class of small, nitrogen-containing, double-ringed bases (guanine, adenine) found in nucleotides.
What is purines? (Gold is always pure.)
200
Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, it can only be transformed from one form into another.
What is the 1st law of thermodynamics?
200
Phospholipids with large heads and single tails and are monolayer.
What is micelles?
200
Adenine, guanine, thymine and cytosine.
What are the four bases of DNA?
200
Ribosomes
What is the cellular organelle responsible for translating RNA?
200
compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; major source of energy for animal
What is carbohydrates?
300
All organisms use chemical reactions to break down molecules, releasing energy in the process and storing it in this chemical form.
What is ATP?
300
Contain double bonds, as in oleic acid.
What is unsaturated fatty acids?
300
In 1953 these two announced the three-dimensional structure of DNA.
Who is James Watson and Francis Crick?
300
RNA polymerase and associated proteins bind to the DNA duplex at promoter sequences. Eukaryotic and archaeal promoters contain a sequence similar to TATAAA.
What is the TATA box?
300
Breaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition of water
What is hydrolysis?
400
Chemical reactions that cells use to convert energy from one form to another and to build and break down molecules.
What is metabolism?
400
Catalyze chemical reactions.
What is enzymes?
400
The C—O—P—O—C linkage connecting two nucleotides.
What is a phosphodiester bond?
400
Deoxyribose and ribose
What are the two sugars found in nucleic acids?
400
-Replication -Transcription -Translation
What are the steps of the central dogma?
500
Each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei, and thus differ in relative atomic mass.
What is an isotope?
500
Type of fatty acids present in the cell membrane that would allow an organism stability in the heat.
What is saturated fatty acids?
500
The combination of a sugar and a base.
What is a nucleoside?
500
It is transcribed from the DNA and carries the information to the ribosome.
What is the function of mRNA?
500
expressed sequence of DNA;codes for a protein
What are exons?
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