Dyspnea / Trauma
What 3 arrhythmias are expected with direct trauma or ischemia?
VPCs, VTach, AIVR
During an examination on an equine, you notice the horse making a noise when the horse's feet are swinging. During what phase is the noise occurring?
inspiration
A horse presents with a distended abdomen. An abdominocentesis is performed and a sample of orange fluid is collected. Stain shows 95% neutrophils. The values shown below:
TNCC: 12,123/uL
Protein: 5.2
lactate of fluid: 4.2 mml/L; lactate of blood: 4.2 mml/L
What is most likely occurring?
strangulation
In cats:
If it affects the eyes & nose it is _____, if it affects the nose & mouth it is ______.
nose and mouth: calicivirus
A 10 year old labrador retriever presents with a stridor and change in bark. He has also been coughing after eating. What is most likely diagnosis?
Laryngeal paralysis
Why should the bad side be placed down in the case of flail chest?
allows the other lung lobe to be oxygenated
How do you diagnose redundant alar folds?
tie back alar folds with mattress suture and exercise
If you suspect a chylothorax, what values should you compare?
triglycerides and cholesterol in fluid vs. serum
What is used to treat Cryptococcus neoformans in cats?
itraconazole, fluconazole
5-flucytosine, amph-b LC
What 5 things are associated with brachycephalic airway syndrome
How is a severe pneumothorax treated?
tube thoracostomy / exploratory thoracotomy
A horse presents with minor red-tinged serous nasal discharge. Stridor is noted on physical exam. The facial structure seems distorted. What is most likely diagnosis?
BONUS: What 2 treatment options reduce risk of recurrence?
ethmoid hematoma
BONUS: formalin or laser excision
A kitten with a low cellularity modified transudate is most likely to have:
FIP
A 5 yr old dog presents for violent sneezing. Owner states he has also been head shaking and pawing at his nose. He shows you a video of a weird noise he has been making, which you determine to be a reverse sneeze. What is most likely diagnosis?
BONUS: Treatment?
Pneumonyssoides caninum
BONUS: milbemycin oxime, ivermectin
When are cough suppressants contraindicated?
when cough is productive --> want to get bad stuff out
On thoracic auscultation, borborygmi is heard. The heart and respiratory sounds are muffled. What is most likely occuring?
diaphragmatic hernia
A gurgling noise is noted when a horse is ran at high speed. Breathing seems abnormal until the horse stops and swallows. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Dorsal displacement of the soft palate
What is typically seen in effusions associated with equine colitis/enteritis?
high protein, moderate cell count, non-degenerate neutrophils
How do you definitively diagnose a nasopharyngeal polyps?
histopathology
A dog presents for a cough. When induced, the cough sounds like a goose honk. What is most likely diagnosis?
collapsing trachea
What approach is more ideal for surgery on a diaphragmatic hernia?
abdominal approach
A 8 mth old foal presents with a distended parotid region on the right side. It does not appear painful on palpation. What is the most likely diagnosis?
guttural pouch tympany
What is the primary site for an abdominal tap in cattle?
8-10 cm caudal to xiphoid sternum and 4-10 cm right of midline
What medication(s) can be used to treat allergic rhinitis?
chlorpheniramine or cetirizine (Zyrtec)
What is the typical course of canine infectious tracheobronchitis?
2 weeks