Laws
Which law states that air pressure=the sum of partial pressures?
Dalton's Law
What are the three divisions of the pharynx?
Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx
Alveoli is ____% comprised of simple squamous epithelium
95%
Does the conducting zone or respiratory zone actively participates in gas exchange?
respiratory zone
The thin walls of alveoli help with what?
diffusion
Which law describes the relationship between volume and pressure in a gas at a constant temperature?
Boyle’s law
Airflow starts at the _____ and ends at the _____
nose/mouth; alveoli
What are the 2 types of alveolar cells? What type of epithelium are they made of?
Type I: simple squamous
Type II:simple cuboidal
Which zone provides a route for incoming and outgoing air, removes debris and pathogens from the incoming air, and warms and humidifies the incoming air?
Conducting zone
What shape are the cartilage rings in the trachea?
C-shaped
What is the equation for bulk flow?
∆P/R
T/F: Air flows from the bronchioles to the bronchii
False; air flows from the bronchii to the bronchioles
Where does gas exchange occur in the alveoli? Is this located outside or inside of the alveoli?
alveolar capillaries; outside
The following are structures of which zone: nasal cavity, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, and most bronchioles
conducting zone
The blood-air barrier is roughly ____ µm thick
0.5
Which law describes the rate of diffusion? In, (D=∆C/X), what do the numerator and denominator mean?
Fick's Law
∆C: concentration difference
X: thickness
Where does gas exchange occur? What type of epithelial tissue does this structure have?
Alveoli; simple squamous epithelium
What is the function of surfactant? Which type of alveolar cell secretes surfactant?
prevents alveolar collapse; type II
What are the two structures of the respiratory zone?
Respiratory bronchioles and alveoli
Which structure also known as turbinates play a crucial role in facilitating convection and increasing the surface area within the nasal cavity?
Nasal conchae
Which law describes the behavior of gases when they come into contact with a liquid, such as blood? This law states that the concentration of gas in a liquid is ______ proportional to the solubility and partial pressure of that gas.
Henry’s law; directly
Describe the 9-step pathway of airflow in order
Nose and/or mouth, pharynx, glottis, larynx, trachea, bronchii, bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli
What is the function of elastin fibers? Are they located on the inside or outside of the alveoli? What is another component located on the inner surface of the alveolus that helps to prevent bursting?
resist bursting; outside; thin water film
The lining of the conducting zone is composed mostly of what epithelium? What special cells does it have? What do these cells do?
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium; goblet cells; secretes mucous
What epithelium are the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx made of?
N: ciliated pseudostratified columnar
O: stratified squamous
L: stratified squamous