Golden Oldies
Term for having both hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts
What is amphipathic?
The direction in which RNA is built
What is 5' -> 3'
The two components that are needed to initiate RNA polymerase to start transcribing in eukaryotes
What are the general transcription factor and the promoter?
Chromosomes that have the same genes, but can have different alleles for those genes
What are homologous chromosomes?
Term for sequences of mRNA that remain in mature mRNA after alternative splicing
What are exons?
In prokaryotes, the repressor binds here.
What is the operator?
The types of bonds that are least likely to be disrupted in water
What are covalent bonds?
In translation, the molecule which recruits amino acids to the ribosome.
What is a tRNA?
CRP protein in the lac operon is an example of this type of protein.
What is the activator?
Two features of meiosis which result in genetic diversity
What are independent assortment and crossing over?
A three-nucleotide sequence on mRNA that specifies an amino acid or stop signal
What is a codon?
Whether and how much the gene is transcribed depends on the particular combination of its regulatory transcription factors present in the cell
What is combinatorial control?
The kind of environment that would result in net water movement OUT of the cell
What is a hypertonic environment?
A DNA mutation that results in a premature stop codon
What is a nonsense mutation?
In Streptococcus pneumoniae, expression of the cop operon helps with maintaining copper homeostasis. The CopY protein will bind to a specific part of the cop operon to stop RNA polymerase from expressing copper-resistance genes like copA and cupA. The CopY protein is an example of this gene regulation protein.
What is a repressor?