RBC Morphology
Which species have naturally occurring antibodies (must blood type BEFORE transfusion)?
Feline
What 3 CBC parameters must go down to classify as anemia?
HCT/PCV
Hgb
RBC
What is the role of tertiary hemostasis?
Degradation of the blood clot (fibrinolysis)
Which heart compartment receives oxygenated blood?
Left atrium
What causes schistocytes?
Intravascular RBC trauma
Ex: DIC (Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation)
What are the two types of regenerative anemia?
Acute blood loss & hemolysis
Which pathway does PT (Prothrombin Time) check?
Extrinsic pathway
What is osmotic pressure in Starling forces?
Also known as oncotic pressure, it attracts water toward that compartment.
What is the most critical blood group in bovine?
EAJ-system
What is the gold standard finding in a CBC for regenerative anemia?
Reticulocytosis
Which factors are vitamin K-dependent?
2, 7, 9, 10
When there is R heart failure, where does the fluid tend to build up (effusion)?
Ascites - in the abdomen due to the backflow into the vena cava
What causes Rouleaux formation?
The weak repelling force between RBCs
What is a common disorder that causes microcytic hypochromic anemia?
Fe deficiency
Name one of the body's most potent vasoconstrictors
Endothelin
(bonus: angiotensin II)
Using the clock analogy, what heart structure is located on an X-ray (VD view) at the 2-3 o'clock position?
L auricle
When pyknocytes are present, what other RBC abnormalities should be present? (2 answers)
(Pyknocyte: oxidative damage to the Hgb & membrane)
Heinz body: oxidative damage to the Hgb
Eccentrocyte: oxidative damage to the RBC membrane
Why is hyperchromic an artifact?
RBCs can never have more Hgb than what they can accumulate
= impossible to have increased MCHC (mean cell Hgb concentration)
→ retest!
What is Factor IV?
Ca++
What is the embryonic remnant that connects the pulmonary trunk and aorta?
Ligamentum arteriosum