Vocab
a legislature divided into 2 houses, US Congress
bicameral
The number of members in the House of Representatives is based on this.
state population
This 1803 case established judicial review.
Marbury v. Madison
This constitutional power allows the president to reject a bill passed by Congress.
Veto
The ability of senators to delay legislation through extended debate is known as this.
filibuster
The bureaucracy operates under this branch of government.
executive branch
These are tactics legislators use to bring money or projects to their districts.
pork-barrel spending
There are this many justices on the Supreme Court.
9
The Supreme Court has both original and this type of jurisdiction.
appellate jurisdiction
When the president issues an order that has the force of law without congressional approval, it’s called this.
executive order
The Senate has the power to confirm these types of presidential appointments.
federal judges, ambassadors, and cabinet officials
When Congress gives agencies the power to implement laws, it’s called this.
delegated authority
Presidents often use this power to bypass Senate approval for international agreements.
executive agreements
tool for understanding demographic changes; Constitution requires it for representation
Cenus
The doctrine that the Court should avoid deciding broad constitutional questions is called this.
judicial restraint
The president delivers this annual message outlining policy goals.
State of the Union Address?
Congress can override a presidential veto with this fraction of both houses.
two-thirds vote
The relationship between Congress, interest groups, and bureaucratic agencies is known as this.
iron triangle
When legislators trade votes to gain support for their own projects, it’s called this.
logrolling
process of reallocating seats in the House every 10 years on the basis of the results of the census
reapportionment
The principle that courts should follow precedent is known as this.
stare decisis
The use of signing statements to reinterpret laws demonstrates which type of power?
Informal or implied power
required government spending by permanent laws
mandatory spending
Congress requires agencies to submit annual reports and testify at hearings as part of this process.
legislative oversight
policies for which Congress has obligated itself to pay x level of benefits to y number of recipients (Social Security)
entitlements
powers not delegated to the US by the Constitution, nor prohibited to the states are reserved to the states or the people
10th Amendment
case in which the Court found that redistricting issues present justiciable questions
Baker v Carr
This 1973 law was passed to limit the president’s power to send troops abroad without congressional approval.
War Powers Resolution
an addition or amendment added to a bill that often has no relation to the bill but that may not pass on its own merits
Riders
Bureaucrats in this type of agency enforce rules on private industry and the public interest. ex. Federal Communications Commission, Federal Trade Commission, Securities and Exchange Commission
independent regulatory agencies