Atrial Fibrillation
Defining characteristic of AFib on EKG
What is no P wave
Plaque within the lumen of the vessels
What is atherosclerosis
Normal EF
What is 55-70%
“stiffening/thickening/narrowing”
What is stenosis
“muscle pain—ache, cramp, numbness, or sense of fatigue, classically in the calf muscle—that occurs during exercise and is relieved by a short period of rest”
What is intermittent claudication
Amount of cardiac output (CO) loss due to Afib
What is 30%
CP associated with physical activity, relieved with rest
What is stable angina
Initial medication given to heart failure patients for volume overload
What is diuretics
First sign of valvular disease
What is murmur
Uses doppler to compare BP from ankle to brachial artery
What is ankle-brachial index (ABI)
Risk factor due to ineffective squeeze and contraction in atria
What is a blood clot- MI or Stroke
I am not to exceed three doses 5 mins apart
What is nitroglycerin
Hypertrophy or stiffening of the ventricular walls.
What is ventricular remodeling
Most common valvular diseases
What is aortic stenosis and mitral regurgitation
Pain experienced at night (stage?)
Procedure that is done to treat Afib
What is Cardioversion or Ablation
What is exercise stress test
Pt c/o fatigue, exertional dyspnea, cough, tachypnea, restlessness
What is left sided heart failure symptoms
Test to determine ejection fraction
What is an echocardiogram
The 6 P's
Pain, pallor, pulselessness, paresthesia, paralysis, poikilothermia (cool)
a condition where the heart's upper chambers (atria) beat irregularly and rapidly, and the lower chambers (ventricles) also beat too quickly
Procedure to treat CAD
What is PCI or CABG
Biomarkers that increase due to overstretching of ventricles
What is NT-ProBNP
Procedure to treat valvular disease
What is replacement valve- mechanical or bioprosthetic
Proper positioning