Biology
Explain the difference between mitosis & meiosis
Mitosis creates identical cells for growth and repair, while meiosis creates unique cells for sexual reproduction
What two factors increase lattice energy?
A. Lower charges and greater distance between ions
B. Higher charges and shorter distance between ions
C. Lower charges and shorter distance between ions
D. Higher charges and greater distance between ions
B. Higher charges and shorter distance between ions
Which bond is the most polar?
F=4.0, Cl=3.0, Br=2.8
A. Br–Cl
B. F–Br
C. F–F
D. Cl–Cl
B. F–Br
Put the following carbon bonds in order of increasing bond energy (lowest to highest):
C–C
C=C
C≡C
C–C < C=C < C≡C
How many total valence electrons are in CF₄?
32 valence electrons
Explain the rules 2 that break Mendelian inheritance:
-Codominance
-Multiple alleles for 1 gene
-Pleiotropy
-Incomplete Dominance
-Polygenic inheritance
-Incomplete Dominance: Neither allele is completely dominant, resulting in a blended, intermediate phenotype in heterozygotes.
-Codominance: Both alleles are equally dominant, meaning both traits are fully and distinctly expressed at the same time without blending.
-Multiple Alleles for One Gene: A single gene exists in three or more different versions within a population, though an individual can still only inherit two.
-Pleiotropy: One single gene influences multiple, seemingly unrelated physical traits.
-Polygenic Inheritance: Multiple different genes work together to control one single physical trait, creating a continuous spectrum of possibilities rather than strict "either/or" categories.
Which compound would have the lowest lattice energy?
A. MgO
B. CaO
C. NaCl
D. KBr
D. KBr
Which bond is the most polar?
Use these electronegativity values:
H = 2.1, C = 2.5, O = 3.5, F = 4.0
A. C–H
B. O–H
C. C–O
D. H–F
D. H–F
Which list correctly shows the bonds in order of increasing bond energy (lowest to highest)?
A. N≡N < N=N < N–N
B. N–N < N=N < N≡N
C. N=N < N–N < N≡N
D. N–N < N≡N < N=N
B. N–N < N=N < N≡N
How many total valence electrons are in NH₃?
8 valence electrons
Draw & breifly explain the cell cycle
Includes: interphase (G1, S, G2), mitosis, cytokinesis, checkpoints
Which compound is expected to have the highest lattice energy?
A. NaCl
B. MgCl₂
C. CaO
D. KBr
C. CaO
Using the following electronegativity values, which bond has the greatest ionic character?
Li = 1.0, C = 2.5, O = 3.5, F = 4.0, Cl = 3.0
A. C–O
B. Li–F
C. O–F
D. C–Cl
B. Li–F
Calculate the enthalpy change (Delta H) for the following reaction:
H2+Cl2--> 2HCl
Given bond energies:
H–H=436 kJ/mol, Cl–Cl=243 kJ/mol, H–Cl=431 kJ/mol
-183 kJ
How many total valence electrons are in the carbonate ion, CO^2- 3?
24 valence electrons
Quickly draw mitosis
Includes: Prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
Which list correctly orders the following compounds from lowest to highest lattice energy?
MgO, NaCl, KBr, LiF
A. MgO < NaCl < KBr < LiF
B. KBr < NaCl < LiF < MgO
C. NaCl < KBr < MgO < LiF
D. KBr < LiF < NaCl < MgO
B. KBr < NaCl < LiF < MgO
Calculate the enthalpy change for the following reaction: CH4+2O2-->CO2+2H2O
Given bind energies:
C–H=413 kJ/mol, O=O=498 kJ/mol, C=O=799 kJ/mol, O–H=467 kJ/mol
-818 kJ
Consider the following bonds: B–F, N–F, C–F
Given electronegativity values: B=2.0, N=3.0, C=2.5, F=4.0
Which answer correctly orders the bonds from greatest to least ionic character?
A. B–F > C–F > N–F
B. N–F > C–F > B–F
C. C–F > B–F > N–F
D. B–F > N–F > C–F
A. B–F > C–F > N–F
Draw the Lewis structure for CO2
16 total electrons
Quickly draw meiosis
Includes: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase x2
Consider the following ionic compounds:
MgO, CaS, NaF, LiCl
Which list correctly orders the compounds from lowest to highest lattice energy?
A. NaF < LiCl < CaS < MgO
B. LiCl < NaF < MgO < CaS
C. CaS < MgO < LiCl < NaF
D. NaF < CaS < LiCl < MgO
A. NaF < LiCl < CaS < MgO
An element X has an electronegativity of 1.0, and element Y has an electronegativity of 3.5. What type of bond would most likely form between them?
Strong Ionic
Consider the reaction: N2+3H2-->2NH3
Given the following average bond energies:
N≡N=945 kJ/mol, H–H=436 kJ/mol, N–H=391 kJ/mol
Calculate the enthalpy change of the reaction.
-93 kJ
Draw a lewis structure for C2H4
12 electrons