breaking it down: neuro-degenerative
What are the neurdegenerative disorders?
Alzheimer's dementia, ALS, PD, Huntington's disease, and more!!
What are examples of autoimmune neurological disorders?
myasthenia gravis, MS, lupus
What are examples of developmental disorders?
ID, motor disorders, autism, ADHD, communicatoin, learning disorders
What are examples of idiopathic and neurotransmitter disorders?
epilepsy, delirium, concussions, mood disorders
What are some interventions/techniques related to energy conservation?
avoid unnecessary work, re-arrange environment, ask for help/prioritize, breathing through activities, make an "energy activity log"
generalized weakness, spasticity, hyperreflexia
What are the 4 subtypes of MS?
relapsing-remitting most common, clear relapses with periods of stability
secondary progressive start with relapsing-remitting, after 10-20 years
primary progressive continuous decline
progressive-relapsing progressive-relapsing
What are the symptoms associated with GBS?
emotional grief/psychosocial impact, all areas of occupations impacted, loss of strength & motor control, symmetrical paralysis of muscles, CN dysfunction
What are examples of acquired and systemic neurological damage?
diabetic neuropathy, stroke, TBI
what are the 4 ps of energy conservation?
planning, pacing, positioning, prioritising
What are the symptoms of LMN with ALS?
muscle fasciculation, muscle cramps, generalized weakness/muscle atrophy, speech/swallowing/breathing difficulties
mange fatigue, stress, and anxiety, manage heat sensitivity, strengthening and conditioning, compensatory changes for cognitive changes, manage spasticity and pain, manage ataxia and tremors, AT for ADLs are interventions for what condition?
Multiple Sclerosis
What are OT interventions for GBS?
Assistive tech (handsfree devices, communication), splints, environmental modification, modified ADLs, energy conservation, fine motor recovery programs, home modifications
What are some examples of infectious and deficiency disorders?
meningitis, HIV/AIDs, Lyme's disease, prion disease
What 6 cranial nerves are involved in swallowing?
CN V, VII, IX, X, XI, XII
What is OTs role in ALS?
optimize strength, maintain occupations, decrease fatigue, manage pain, dysphagia interventions, energy conservation, optimize safety/prevent falls, increase social participation, identify equipment needs, modify environment
What is OTs role management of MG?
visual evaluation, energy conservation, modification of environment self advocacy, ADL/IADL compensatory techniques
What is the role of OT?
maintain independence, assist in setting priorities, environmental modifications, ROM & STR remediation, behavior modification, energy conservation, assistive technology, balance role of independence and caregiving, caregiver training
What are OT interventions for cancer?
impaired motor control, cognition, sensory, sexuality, IADL management, energy conservation, and environment modification, advocacy, palliative/hospice care
What happens if you have a LMN (paralytic) lesion?
dysphasia-decreased motor and sensory abilities
During an OT evaluation, what are the key areas to assess?
psychosocial, sensorimotor, swallow (feeding and eating), communication, cognitive, ADL & IADL, work/play/leisure, sleep, fatigue/endurance
What are the impacts of HIV/AIDs (HIV encephalopathy) on performance skills?
What is the role of OT with HIV/AIDs?
poor fine motor coordination, poor concentration, poor memory, poor EF
OT role: psychosocial factors, cognitive changes, medication management, IADL management
What is OT's role in chronic neurological condition management?
consider social and environmental factors, management of chronic conditions, work across multiple settings, communicate with interprofessional team, advocate, improve QoL & client goals
What are essential components in the OT process based on the evidence?
occupational profile, screening & assessment, focus on activity demands, advocate for a referral (maintenance vs rehab)
What happens when you have a pseudobulbar (UMN) change?
tone of oral and pharyngeal structures
poor motor coordination (oral apraxia)