Anemia/RBC disorders
What is the fx of RBC?
transport O2 to tissues by hemoglobin
This is used to break down bilirubin in jaundiced newborns d/t HDN
phototherapy
symptoms of iron deficiency anemia
fatigue, pale skin, hair loss, pica
The body's process of hemostasis involves these three aspects
1. vasoconstriction
2. platelet plug formation ("sticky bandaid", temporary)
3. coagulation cascade ("super glue", permanent)
Ker risk factors: advanced age, immobility, post-surgery, and obesity
DVT
RBCs become crescent-shaped, and BOTH parents must carry the mutated gene for the child to inherit the condition
Sickle cell anemia
RH incompatibility between mother and fetus
HDN or Erythroblastosis Fetalis
This type of anemia is caused by inadequate O2 delivery to tissues and reduces the total number of circulating RBCs
Anemias caused by decreased RBC mass
Treatment for hemophilia
recombinant clotting factors and desmopressin
A chronic condition that involves accumulation of plaques w/i arterial walls
Atherosclerosis
This type of anemia occurs all of a sudden d/t trauma or surgery
anemia of acute blood loss
Common interventions for iron deficiency anemia
oral ferrous sulfate
IV iron supplements Vit C
Symptoms of anemias caused by decreased RBC mass
Fatigue, pallor, SOB, dizziness
Genetic disorder where bleeding doesn't stop
hemophilia
Statins are the first line of treatment, and elevated lipid levels are seen in the blood
hyperlipidemia
Caused by the inability to absorb B12 d/t lack of intrinsic factor in the stomach
Pernicious anemia
This type of anemia is slow and continuous (GI ulcers, menstrual bleeding) and is commonly treated with oral iron supplements
Anemia of chronic blood loss
This is used to decrease the frequency of vaso-occlusive crises and pain episodes
med: hydroxyurea
Other: hydration and avoid high altitudes
This autoimmune disorder is when the immune system attacks and destroys platelets and is triggered by recent viral infections, i.e., chickenpox
ITP
Silent killer, BP of 180/120
What is the diagnosis and treatment?
DX: HTN
TX: ace inhibitors, beta-blockers, diuretics
Premature destruction of RBCs
Hemolytic anemia
TRIPLE POINTS
normal RBC range for males and females
Females: 4.2-5.4 million cells/uL
Males: 4.7-6.7 million cells/uL
What are the expected/unexpected outcomes for a patient suffering from anemia of acute blood loss?
Increased HR and RR, decreased H/H, BP, and urine output
Altered mental state & pallor/cool/clammy skin
DAILY DOUBLE
Production of RBCs in the bone marrow regulated by ERYTHROPOIETIN from kidneys
Hematopoiesis
This can lead to angina pectoris, MI, or stroke
Atherosclerosis