Pharm
Name 1 teaching intervention for a medication patch.
Place on dry, intact, skin. Example: transdermal selegiline (Emsam)-MAOI
The patient should clean and disinfect the area where they will apply the patch with clear water, patting it until it is completely dry. They should avoid using any soaps, alcohols, lotions, or oils immediately before applying the patch.
What is ataxia?
poor muscle control that causes clumsy movements.
Increases risk for harm.
Define grandiosity.
An exaggerated sense of one's importance, abilities, or status.
Define social anxiety disorder.
Excessive fear of situations in which the affected person might do something embarrassing or be evaluated negatively by others
Define dissociative fugue.
A symptom where a person has memory loss along with travel or wandering
List two examples of SSRIs for depression.
Define pseudodementia.
Cognitive impairment with symptoms resembling dementia but caused by an underlying psychiatric condition, most commonly major depression.
Define psychosis.
Symptoms that happen when a person is disconnected from reality.
Happens in bipolar I, but not bipolar II.
Describe one non-pharmacological intervention for panic disorder.
Deep breathing exercises
CBT
Yoga
Mindfulness meditation
Define somatic symptom disorder.
Characterized by an extreme focus on physical symptoms — such as pain or fatigue — that causes major emotional distress and problems functioning.
Presents with anxiety, overmedication, vague symptoms, and seeing several health providers at once.
List three medications given for opiate withdrawal.
•Buprenorphine
•Methadone
•Clonidine
~~~~
Suboxone (buprenorphine and naloxone) -addiction
___
Opioid intoxication is treated with narcotic antagonists such as naloxone (Narcan), naltrexone (ReVia), or nalmefene (Revex).
List 2 non-pharmacological interventions for Alzheimer's disease.
Maintaining organization with lists and a structured routine provide some compensation.
Ensure patient safety
Maintain reality orientation
Providing assistance with activities of daily living
Nutritional consult
Bowel program
Define labile mood.
A person has sudden mood swings, like laughing or crying, that do not match the situation.
Describe one pharmacological intervention for generalized anxiety disorder.
Anxiolytics (e.g. Buspirone)
Antidepressants
Antihypertensive agents
__________
Benzodiazepines have been used with success in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. They can be prescribed on an as-needed basis when the client is feeling particularly anxious. Alprazolam, lorazepam, and clonazepam have been particularly effective in the treatment of panic disorder.
Several antidepressants are effective as major antianxiety agents. The tricyclics clomipramine and imipramine have been used with success in clients experiencing panic disorder. However, because of the advent of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, tricyclics are less widely used because of their tendency to produce severe side effects at the high doses required to relieve symptoms of panic disorder.
Several studies have called attention to the effectiveness of beta blockers (for example, propranolol) and alpha2-receptor agonists (for example, clonidine) in the amelioration of anxiety symptoms.
Define illness anxiety disorder (IAD).
Sometimes called hypochondriasis or health anxiety, is worrying excessively that you are or may become seriously ill.
They express personal worthlessness through physical symptoms, because physical problems are more acceptable than psychological problems.
Describe 2 reasons to give benztropine.
Involuntary movements like tremors, muscle rigidity, muscle stiffness, as well as restlessness and slow or jerky movements.
Benztropine is FDA-approved as an adjunctive therapy for all forms of parkinsonism, including idiopathic and postencephalitic parkinsonism.
Extrapyramidal symptoms, preventing dystonic reactions, and providing acute treatment for dystonic reactions.
List 2 symptoms of delirium.
•Difficulty sustaining and shifting attention
•Extreme distractibility
•Disorganized thinking
•Speech that is rambling, irrelevant, pressured, and incoherent
•Impaired reasoning ability and goal-directed behavior
•Disorientation to time and place
Describe 2 non-pharmacological treatment options for bipolar disorder.
•Individual psychotherapy
•Group therapy: helps clients discuss issues that arise from having this disorder
•Family therapy
•Cognitive therapy
Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy (IPSRT) is a type of therapy specifically designed for bipolar patients. Developed by Frank, the focus of this therapy is helping clients to regulate their social rhythms, or daily activities such as the sleep–wake cycle and exercise routines, that may otherwise disrupt underlying biologic rhythms and contribute to mood disturbances.
List 2 risk factors for hoarding disorder.
What is one explanation for a person with dissociative identity disorder?
•DID is thought to serve as a survival strategy for the person in this traumatic environment.
•A growing body of evidence points to the etiology of dissociative identity disorder (DID) as a set of traumatic experiences that overwhelm the individual’s capacity to cope by any means other than dissociation.
•These experiences usually take the form of severe physical, sexual, or psychological abuse by a significant other in the child’s life.
List 5 medications that can be used to treat gambling disorder.
•Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ][Citalopram (Celexa/Escitalopram (Lexapro)/Fluoxetine (Prozac)/Paroxetine (Paxil)/Sertraline (Zoloft)]
•Clomipramine
•Lithium
•Carbamazepine
•Naltrexone
Describe two stages of Alzheimer's disease.
•Stage 1: No apparent symptoms
•Stage 2: Very mild change-short-term memory losses
•Stage 3: Mild cognitive decline-interference with work
Stage 4: Moderate cognitive decline-confabulation
Stage 5: Moderately severe cognitive decline-lose some ADLs
Stage 6: Severe cognitive decline-sundowning
Stage 7: Very severe decline-cannot recognize family, bedfast
Describe lithium toxicity.
Mild symptoms: nausea, vomiting, lethargy, tremor, and fatigue (Serum lithium concentration between 1.5-2.5 mEq/L)[33] [34].
Moderate intoxication: confusion, agitation, delirium, tachycardia, and hypertonia (serum lithium concentration between 2.5-3.5 mEq/L)[33] [34].
Severe intoxication: Coma, seizures, hyperthermia, and hypotension (serum lithium concentration (more than 3.5 mEq/L)[33] [34].
List 3 antianxiety medications.
Hydroxyzine (Vistaril)
Alprazolam (Xanax)
Chlordiazepoxide (Librium)
Clonazepam (Klonopin)
Clorazepate (Tranxene)
Diazepam (Valium)
Lorazepam (Ativan)
Are medications used for somatization disorders. Why or why not?
Medication treatment is not effective unless it is being used to treat underlying depression or anxiety. When antidepressant therapy is warranted, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are generally preferred. Anxiety may be treated in the short term with antianxiety agents such as benzodiazepines, but long-term use should be avoided because of the potential for addiction.