Neuro Basics
This is the most reliable indicator of a patient’s neurological status.
What is level of consciousness
This test records electrical activity of the brain using scalp electrodes.
What is an electroencephalogram (EEG)?
This term describes weakness on one side of the body.
What is hemiparesis?
This progressive disorder of the basal ganglia results in tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia.
What is Parkinson’s disease?
Age-related farsightedness is known as this.
What is presbyopia?
Normal intracranial pressure (ICP) in adults ranges from this value.
What is 0–15 mmHg?
A lumbar puncture is performed at this spinal level to collect CSF
What is L4–L5?
This abnormal posture, with arms flexed toward the chest, indicates damage above the midbrain.
What is decorticate posturing?
This severe facial pain occurs along branches of the trigeminal nerve.
What is trigeminal neuralgia?
This condition involves clouding of the lens, leading to blurred vision.
What is a cataract?
This triad of symptoms including widened pulse pressure, bradycardia, and irregular respirations, is a late sign of increased ICP.
What is Cushing’s triad?
This imaging test uses magnets and radio waves to create detailed brain images without radiation.
What is MRI?
A warning sign before a seizure, such as dizziness or visual changes, is called this.
What is an aura?
This chronic disease damages the myelin sheath in the CNS, disrupting impulse conduction.
What is multiple sclerosis (MS)?
Increased intraocular pressure primarily causes this eye disorder.
What is glaucoma?
The Monro-Kellie hypothesis states that the total volume of these three components must remain constant within the skull.
What are brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?
This diagnostic procedure injects contrast dye to visualize cerebral blood vessels.
What is cerebral angiography?
This medical emergency involves continuous or repeated seizures lasting 30 minutes or more.
What is status epilepticus?
This inherited disorder begins in middle adulthood and causes abnormal movements and intellectual decline.
What is Huntington’s disease?
This hereditary condition fixes the stapes in place, causing conductive hearing loss.
What is otosclerosis?
This osmotic diuretic is commonly used to reduce cerebral edema in patients with increased ICP.
What is mannitol?
This test measures intraocular pressure and is essential for detecting glaucoma.
What is tonometry?
This autoimmune disorder attacks peripheral nerves, causing ascending weakness and possible respiratory failure.
What is Guillain-Barré syndrome?
This condition involves a defect at the neuromuscular junction, causing fluctuating muscle weakness.
What is myasthenia gravis?
This triad of vertigo, tinnitus, and hearing loss, characterizes this inner ear disorder.
What is Meniere’s disease?