Acid Base Imbalances
A compound that DONATES a hydrogen ion (H+) in solution
What is an acid?
This laboratory test measures red blood cells, white blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelets to assess for anemia, infection, and clotting abnormalities.
What is a complete blood count? (CBC)
This describes stress that stimulates a person positively, such as a job promotion that provokes positive feelings and reactions
What is eustress?
This neurotransmitter works to stimulate the rest and digest response (the cholinergic system).
Acetylcholine (Ach)
The extracellular fluid compartment (ECF) is primarily composed of this electrolyte.
What is Sodium?
Blood pH is strictly regulated by these two organs.
What are the lungs and kidneys?
This laboratory panel contains all the components of a Basic Metabolic Panel plus liver function tests such as AST, ALT, ALP, bilirubin, albumin, and total protein.
What is a Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP)?
This describes a dynamic state of balance that changes according to exposure to stressors.
What is allostasis?
The two "branches" of the Autonomic nervous system.
What are the Sympathetic and Para-sympathetic nervous systems?
Water moves across a semipermeable membrane via this process.
What is Osmosis?
The optimal body pH.
What is 7.35-7.45?
Elevated levels of this substance may indicate liver failure and can contribute to hepatic encephalopathy and altered mental status.
What is ammonia?
This "division" of the Peripheral nervous system assists with involuntary control over smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands.
What is the autonomic nervous system?
This type of shock comes from massive vasodilation due to Sympathetic under stimulation (decreased NE release) and/or Parasympathetic overstimulation.
What is neurogenic shock?
The administration of these types of fluids remove water from the extracellular space into the intracellular space.
What are hypotonic fluids?
The most common cause of respiratory alkalosis.
What is hyperventilation?
This laboratory study measures total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and triglycerides to assess a patient's risk for cardiovascular disease.
What is a lipid profile (lipid panel)?
This is a hormone-based communication system between your brain and adrenal glands that regulates stress, energy, and mood. When you face a stressor, this activates to release cortisol and help your body cope with prolonged demands.
What is the HPA axis?
Name the two types of cholinergic receptors.
What are nicotinic and muscarinic?
Interpret the following:
pH: 7.32, paCO2: 47, HCO3: 25
What is Resp. acidosis?
Patients with long-term COPD retain CO2, which increases susceptibility to this.
What is respiratory acidosis?
PT, INR, and aPTT are tests included in this group of studies that evaluate how well a patient's blood forms clots.
What are coagulation studies?
List the three stages in Selye's General adaptation Syndrome. (GAS)
What are alarm, resistance, and exhaustion?
This adrenergic receptor acts differently than its counterparts and works to INHIBIT the release of NE.
What is alpha 2?
This electrolyte imbalance can be caused by excess dietary intake, medications, KIDNEY DISEASE, or endocrine disorders and cause Cardiac arrest, bradycardia, dysrhythmia, twitching, and/or numbness.
What is hyperkalemia?