Bony Marking Terms
A narrow ridge of a bone
What is a Crest?
This small, flat surface on a bone is where it meets another bone to form a joint
What is a facet?
Vertebrae that have a long spinous process, a heart-shaped vertebral body, and articulate with the ribs
What are the Thoracic Vertebrae (T1-T12)?
This bone is the terminal end of the vertebral column
What is the coccyx?
The number of pieces that make up the sternum
What is 3?
These ribs have a direct attachment to the sternum
What are the Vertebrosternal Ribs/True ribs/ ribs 1-7?
A canal-like passageway
What is a meatus?
A shallow depression in a bone, often serving as a muscle attachment site
What is a fossa?
The name of the vertebrae that allows you to shake your head "no"
What is the axis (C2)?
This large, triangular bone at the base of the spine is formed by the fusion of five vertebrae and connects the spine to the pelvis
What is the sacrum?
The name of the trapezoid-shaped superior structure of the sternum that articulates with the cartilages of the 1st pair of ribs
What is the Manubrium?
These ribs have no attachment to the sternum
What are the vertebral ribs/floating ribs/ribs 11&12?
A sharp, slender projection from a bone
What is a spine?
A narrow slit-like opening between bones
What is a fissure?
These vertebrae have transverse foramen in addition to the vertebral foramen
What are the Cervical Vertebrae (C3-C7)?
The vertebral column and thoracic cage are two of the three main components of this skeleton division
What is the axial skeleton?
These ribs connect via cartilage but not directly to the sternum
What are the vertebrochondral ribs/ribs 8-10/false ribs?
The middle bone of the sternum that allows for the attachment of ribs 2-7
What is the body?
The largest of these openings in the skull allows the spinal cord to exit the cranial cavity
What is a foramen?
This giant projection found only on the femur serves as an attachment site for powerful hip and thigh muscles
What is a trochanter?
These smooth surfaces on thoracic vertebrae articulate with the heads and tubercles of the ribs
What are the costal facets?
The vertebrae that experience the most stress. They have the largest vertebral bodies.
What are the Lumbar Vertebrae (L1-L5)?
This marks the point of greatest curvature on the rib
What is the angle?
This is the narrow, inferior portion of the sacrum
What is the apex?
This small, rounded projection is often confused with its larger cousin, the tuberosity
What is a tubercle?
A small air-filled cavity found within certain bones
What is a sinus?
This vertebra lacks a vertebral body
What is the atlas (C1)?
The name for the part that links the transverse processes to the spinous process
This connects the ribs to the sternum
What is costal cartilage?
The most inferior bone of the sternum
What is the xiphoid process?
A large, roughened bump/projection for muscle attachment
What is a tuberosity?
The rounded protuberance at the epiphysis of a bone, typically part of a joint
What is a condyle?
This portion of the vertebra connects the body to the transverse processes
What is the pedicle?
The name of the prominent ridge/ledge on the anterior superior portion of the sacrum
What is the sacral promontory?
This “growth plate,” found between the epiphysis and diaphysis of a long bone, is where lengthwise growth occurs during childhood and adolescence
What is the epiphyseal plate?
The part of the ribs that articulates with the transverse costal process of a thoracic vertebra
What is the tubercle of the rib?
These projections of a vertebra act like puzzle pieces, locking one vertebra to the next at the facet joints and guiding permitted movements of the spine
What are articular processes?
These forked projections, found on cervical vertebrae C3–C7, provide extra surface area for muscle and ligament attachment, allowing greater neck mobility
What is a bifid spinous process?
This structure of a vertebra consists of pedicles and laminae, enclosing the vertebral foramen to protect the spinal cord
What is a vertebral arch?
This broad, superior surface of the sacrum articulates with L5, transferring the weight of the spine into the pelvis
What is the base of the sacrum?
This part of the rib articulates with the superior and inferior costal facets of thoracic vertebrae, locking the rib to the spine posteriorly
What is the head of the rib?
This curved portion makes up the main length of the rib, ending anteriorly in the costal cartilage for articulation with the sternum
What is the shaft of the rib?