Upper Limb Anatomy
List all 5 muscles located within the arm (anterior & posterior compartments)
Biceps brachii, coracobrachii, brachialis, triceps brachii & anconeus
Which hypersensitivity type causes organ injury through circulating immune complex deposition and Fc-receptor-mediated inflammation?
Type III
What environmental factors can trigger and accentuate SLE in genetically susceptible individuals?
UV radiation exposure (increases apoptosis and nuclear antigen exposure, enhancing autoantibody formation)
Which immune cell phagocytoses antigen in tissues and migrates to lymph nodes to activate T cells?
Dendritic cells
Which muscle attaches to ribs 3-5 and the scapula coracoid process
Pectoralis minor
Which antibody is indicative of Rheumatoid arthritis?
ACPA (Anti-citrullinated protein antibodies)
What are the 2 major effects of systemic sclerosis on the skin and other organs?
Fibrosis and atrophy
Name the 5 lymphatic trunks
Lumbar, Intestinal, Bronchomediastinal, Subclavian, Jugular
What are the rotator cuff muscles and which nerve supplies them?
Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor & subscapularis. Suprascapular nerve (C5) and axillary nerve (C5), upper & lower subscapular nerves (C6,7)
Which HLA haplotype is classically associated with ankylosing spondylitis, and which MHC class is it?
HLA-B27, MHC1
Which glands are destroyed in Sjögren syndrome?
Lacrimal glands (causing dry eyes) and salivary glands (causing dry mouth)
Briefly describe the sequence of lymph flow through a lymph node
Afferent vessel -> subscapular sinus -> intermediate sinus -> medullary sinus -> efferent vessel
Which 5 muscles are involved during extension of the arm?
Latissimus dorsi, Teres major, Pectoralis major, Posterior deltoid & long head of triceps
Which condition has autoantibodies against intrinsic factor and the parietal cell H⁺/K⁺-leading to vitamin B₁₂ malabsorption?
Bierner's anaemia
What specific component of renal glomeruli and pulmonary alveoli is injured by circulating antibodies in Goodpasture syndrome?
Type IV collagen from basement membrane
Where does lymph re-enter the venous circulation?
At the venous angle between the internal jugular and subclavian veins (which enters the heart via the superior vena cava)