First things first
Faster-than-normal heart rate—usually anything faster than 100 beats/min in an adult—with a normal-appearing ECG pattern.
Sinus Tachycardia
Hypertension with no known cause.
Essential hypertension
When taken together, this fruit juice can increase the concentration of calcium channel blockers?
Grapefruit juice
First-choice drug for treating shock is usually a sympathomimetic drug. Name one
•Dobutamine (generic)
•Dopamine (generic)
•Ephedrine (generic)
•Epinephrine (Adrenalin, Adrenaclick)
•Isoproterenol (Isuprel)
•Norepinephrine (Levophed)
•Phenylephrine (generic).
What is the antidote for digoxin toxicity?
DigiFab
Slower-than-normal heart rate (usually less than 60 beats/min) with a normal-appearing ECG pattern
Sinus Bradycardia
Low blood pressure
hypotension
Act directly on vascular smooth muscle to cause muscle relaxation, leading to vasodilation and drop in BP
vasodilators
Enlarged liver (hepatomegaly), enlarged spleen (splenomegaly), and peripheral edema are clinical manifestations of this sided heart failure.
Right Sided Failure
Class II Antiarrhythmics such as beta blockers can cause
bronchospasm and bradycardia
Blood pressure is a measure of
afterload
These medication end in "pril"
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors
Bonus 100 if you can name 1
Sildenafil and other erectile dysfunction medications should not be taken with this medication?
Nitrogycerin
Normal Digoxin (Lanoxin)
Therapeutic Level: 0.6 – 1.2 ng/mL
Bonus double points: St. John’s wort and psyllium have been shown to decrease the effectiveness of digoxin; this combination should be avoided
Used to convert SVT to sinus rhythm if vagal maneuvers have been ineffective.
adenosine
Bonus 100 if you can name the dosage.
Slowing or lack of conduction at the AV node
Atrioventricular Block
Bonus 100 if you can name 1 cause.
•Structural damage
•Hypoxia
•Injury to the heart muscles
This ACE inhibitor can cause angioedema
•Lisinopril
Bonus 200 if you can name the treatment
epinephrine
This diuretic is potassium sparing
spironolactone (Aldactone)
Anxiety, tachypnea, orthopnea, rales/crackles, cardiomegaly, S3, increased heart rate, hemoptysis, pulmonary edema
Left- sided heart failure
Which would the nurse explain is the pacemaker of the heart?
SA Node
If a patient is intolerant to an ace inhibitor, what might the doctor order
Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker
ACE inhibitors can cause this respitatory issue
Unrelenting nonproductive cough
Patients with asthma and other chronic respiratory conditions should avoid this classification of blood pressure medication, especially this one
beta-blockers:propranolol
Your patient has been taking an inotropic medication for 3 weeks. Today your patient is experiencing anorexia, nausea, vomiting, irregular heart rhythms, vision changes (a yellow halo around objects).
Digoxin Toxicity
Bonus double points: Increased digoxin toxicity has been reported with ginseng, hawthorn, and licorice.
Nonpharmacologic methods to decrease blood pressure would include which?
weight loss, stress reduction, regular aerobic exercise, smoking cessation, moderation of alcohol consumption, and dietary changes (such as a decrease in sodium intake).