Abdominal Cavity Surgery
What abdominal approach would be utilized for a cryptorchid male or to remove a kidney?
paramedian approach
What structure is missing in a horse lung that results in infection spreading diffusely throughout?
tracheal bronchus
In which position is a cow at higher risk for compression atelectasis? Why?
Right lateral recumbency
Rumen is on left side, in this position, compressing lung
What are the 3 basic mechanisms of euthanasia?
1. loss of consciousness
2. cardiac or respiratory arrest
3. loss of brain function
What surgical procedure requires preoperative antibiotics, even if considered "clean"?
orthopedic surgery
get perioperative IV antibiotics
What is the holding layer of the ventral body wall?
external rectus sheath
What is an anesthetic concern in a Quarter Horse (Athletic horse)?
hyperkalemic periodic paralysis (HYPP)
results in muscle twitches, paralysis, weakness; can lead to respiratory muscle paralysis
What drug can cause hypnosis in the goat?
Midazolam
Under what conditions is it acceptable with conditions to utilize an inhalant anesthetic for euthanasia?
1. small animals <7kg
2. combine with second method (e.g., exsanguination)
A feline patient comes in with a bite wound. The owner says she is an outdoor cat, and she brought her in the house last night (about 8 hrs prior to coming to vet). There are no other pets in the house. She was only outside for around an hour before coming back in. The owner just noticed the wound before getting her in for her appointment. How would you classify this wound?
contaminated
- traumatic wounds <12 hrs post-wounding are considered contaminated
What suture pattern will be used to close a skin incision in large animals?
ford interlocking
This sedative results in the most head drops and ataxia in equine.
Xylazine
What medications are most commonly used for sedation in ruminants?
alpha-2 agonists (xylazine, detomidine)
This agent is cardiotoxic and does not resut in a loss of consciousness. It also can be painful and cause spasms.
Potassium chloride
What is a risk of using tap water for lavaging a wound?
it is hypotonic and risks the tissue swelling
A foot or joint infection surgery does NOT require perioperative use of antimicrobials. T or F.
FALSE! It is a dirty procedure, and therefore requires pre- and post-op antimicrobials.
What is the most common method of maintaining anesthesia in the field?
total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA)
Inverted L block is applied where and using what drug? For a laparotomy
Paralumbar Fossa
Lidocaine
What is the most common method on a farm for euthanizing cattle?
gunshot
Which antiseptic has some Pseudomonas spp. become resistant to?
chlorhexidine
What anti-inflammatory can be used in equine for abdominal surgery? It also has anti-endotoxic effects
flunixin meglumine
Why are opioids controversial in horses?
slow GI motility and secretions, HR & temp increase, mydriasis, muscle spasms, vocalization
What medications make up a triple drip?
guaifenesin, ketamine, xylazine
What method in cattle may not be recommended due to secondary toxicity risk?
IV barbiturate overdose
A mass removal surgery is performed and a bandage is being placed. What type of contact layer should be utilized?
non-adherent