heart and great vessels
what is the outermost layer of the pericardium?
fibrous layer
what is the primary pacemaker of the heart?
SA node
Cholesterol esters and TAGs gained from dietary lipids are packed together to form chylomicrons. What protein acts as the essential structural component of chylomicrons that transport dietary lipids?
apoB-48
What type of class would an alpha adrenergic AGONIST drug be?
sympathomimetic
FILL THE BLANK: "good", "superogatory", and "bad" are __ ethical terms.
thin
what are the first blood vessels that branch off the aorta?
left and right coronary arteries
*technically branch off before the brachiocephalic trunk
what type of myocardial cells have an unstable resting membrane potential?
conductile cells
what enzyme catalyses the reaction from cholesterol into cholesterol esters?
(HINT: ACAT)
Acyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferase
FILL THE BLANK: prazosin, doxazosin, and tamulosin, are all examples of __.
explain "enkrateia"
continence or self mastery
opposite of akrasia
knowing the right thing to do and doing it, despite struggles
the left coronary artery is also known as the "widowmaker". what are its main branches?
Left anterior descending (LAD) artery and Left Circumflex artery
when in the cardiac cycle would you expect to hear the second heart sound (S2), and which valves are closing?
isovolumetric relaxation
pulmonary + aortic valves close
Nascent VLDLs are formed via the protein, apo-B100. What protein helps nascent VLDLs turn into mature VLDLs?
ApoC-II and Apo-E
(These also have functions in the exogenous pathway - aids in LPL activation and helps liver take up chylomicron remnants respectively)
If the beta-2 adrenergic receptor is stimulated, this would lead to...?
ACCEPT ANY:
smooth muscle
- vasodilation
- bronchodilation
- relaxation
- tremor
- glycogenesis in liver + muscle
what is the vice rule?
you should do the least vicious thing you can do in the circumstances
Which coronary artery supplies the diaphragmatic surface of the heart, and the diaphragmatic part of the left ventricle?
Right coronary artery
*The left CA supplies most of the left ventricle, but not the diaphragmatic part. it also supplies a part of the right ventricle
FILL THE BLANKS: Parasympathetic innervation of the heart releases __ to bind to __ receptors, leading to the primary outcome of __ heart rate.
acetylcholine, muscarinic (M2), decreasing
In reverse cholesterol transport, what is the role of the protein apoA-I on HDLs?
(Hint: there are two "roles", but one is much more important than the other and has to do with activating something...)
1. Provides structural stability
2. Activates the membrane protein called ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA-1) on nearby/peripheral cells. This allows for free cholesterol and phospholipids to bind onto the nascent HDL.
salbutamol is a short acting selective beta 2 AGONIST. what is a therapeutic, and a side effect of this?
therapeutic effect:
bronchodilation (asthma)
accept any side effects:
warm limbs
tachycardia
anything on the ppt basically
aristotle believed in a concept called "ergon". what is this?
accept anything to do with people having a "purpose" - human purpose consists of rational activity with virtues