Fetal Monitoring
What is the normal baseline fetal heart rate?
110-160
How many centimeters dilated is complete dilation?
10 cm
Which type of pain is caused by uterine contractions?
Visceral
What does the POISE mnemonic stand for?
Pitocin off, Oxygen, IV bolus, Side-lying, Extra help
What is tachysystole?
>5 contractions in 10 minutes, averaged over 30 min
What does moderate variability in FHR indicate?
Fetal cardiac & neurological well-being
What does 100% effacement mean?
Complete thinning of cervix
Which method emphasizes partner coaching and relaxation?
Bradley method
What does Leopold’s maneuver determine?
Fetal lie, position, and presentation for monitoring
Which complication is suspected if the fundus is deviated to the side postpartum?
Full bladder
Accelerations are a sign of what?
Fetal well-being & intact CNS
What is “station 0”?
Fetal presenting part at ischial spines
Which method focuses on relaxation, visualization, and controlled breathing?
Lamaze
What must be present (or already happened) before inserting an IUPC?
ROM and cervical dilation ≥2 cm
What is the main risk with general anesthesia in C-sections?
Neonatal respiratory depression
Early decelerations are most often caused by what?
Fetal head compression
Name two signs of true labor vs. false labor.
Cervical change, contractions don’t stop with walking/relaxation
What opioid antagonist can reverse respiratory depression in newborns?
Naloxone
What are two nonpharmacological pain management techniques
Breathing, massage, position changes, hydrotherapy, etc.
Which FHR pattern looks like a sine wave and indicates severe fetal anemia or hypoxia?
Sinusoidal pattern
Name the three NICHD categories of FHR tracings.
Category I, II, III
What are the “7 cardinal movements” in labor?
Engagement, descent, flexion, internal rotation, extension, external rotation, expulsion
Which regional anesthesia can cause spinal headache and may require a blood patch?
Spinal block
What assessments are required before giving IV opioids in labor?
FHR tracing & cervical dilation
What maternal complication is characterized by blood pressure ≥140/90 after 20 weeks of pregnancy with proteinuria?
Preeclampsia