Seizure Disorders
What is the difference between a simple focal seizure and a complex partial seizure?
Simple focal = no LOC; Complex partial = impaired awareness and automatisms
What is the medical term for a mini-stroke that resolves within an hour?
Transient ischemic attack (TIA)
What two classic physical signs are used to assess for meningitis?
Brudzinski’s and Kernig’s signs
What part of the brain is affected in Parkinson’s disease?
Substantia nigra in basal ganglia
What is the primary pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis?
Demyelination in CNS
What is the hallmark initial symptom of Guillain-Barré syndrome?
Tingling in hands/feet
What life-threatening condition involves continuous seizures without full recovery between them?
Status epilepticus
Name one modifiable and one nonmodifiable risk factor for a cerebrovascular accident (CVA).
Modifiable = smoking; Nonmodifiable = age
What distinguishes bacterial from viral meningitis in terms of severity and treatment?
Bacterial = more severe, needs antibiotics; Viral = often self-limiting
Name three cardinal signs of Parkinson’s disease.
Tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia
Name two symptoms seen in patients with MS.
Fatigue, sensory loss, balance issues
Name the three phases of Guillain-Barré syndrome.
Acute, static, rehab phases
Name two postictal signs a nurse should assess for after a seizure.
Confusion, headache, speech issues, muscle soreness
What medication must be given within a specific time frame for ischemic stroke treatment?
Alteplase (tPA)
Name two symptoms of encephalitis.
Stiff neck, photophobia
What is the purpose of MAOIs in treating Parkinson’s?
Prevent dopamine breakdown to increase levels
What are two treatments for MS exacerbation?
Methylprednisolone, plasmapheresis
What is the treatment focus during the acute phase of GBS?
Maintain airway, prevent aspiration
What dietary intervention can reduce seizure frequency in some patients with epilepsy?
Ketogenic diet
What are common complications of stroke? Name two.
Seizures, rebleeding, hydrocephalus
What is a key nursing teaching point to prevent encephalitis?
Use insect repellant; avoid mosquito/tick bites
Why must patients avoid foods high in tyramine when taking MAOIs?
Tyramine + MAOIs = hypertensive crisis
Describe ALS and its typical prognosis.
Progressive muscle weakness, fatal outcome
What is the genetic pattern of Huntington’s disease?
Autosomal dominant (chromosome 4)
What should be documented during a seizure? Name three key observations.
Seizure start/end time, eye direction, limb movement, incontinence, aura
Explain the phases of stroke nursing management.
Phase I: acute care; Phase II: rehab; Phase III: continuity of care
What are common treatments for bacterial meningitis? Name two drug classes.
Antibiotics, corticosteroids, anticonvulsants
What are two nursing interventions to support Parkinson’s patients at home?
Fall prevention, medication management, dietary teaching
What medication may slightly prolong life in ALS patients?
Riluzole (Rilutek)
What is the Tensilon test used for?
Diagnosing myasthenia gravis