Somatosensory
This term refers to the conscious awareness of the position and movement of your body, even without looking.
What is Proprioception?
This brain structure in the limbic system regulates homeostasis, including hunger, body temperature, and autonomic responses.
What is the hypothalamus?
Loss of vibration and position sense suggests damage to these types of peripheral nerve fibers.
What are large fibers?
This type of anesthesia results in complete unconsciousness and total loss of sensation.
What is general anesthesia?
This opioid receptor subtype is primarily responsible for analgesia, euphoria, respiratory depression, and miosis.
What is the mu (μ) receptor?
This sign, often positive in patients with dorsal column damage, demonstrates impaired proprioception by increased swaying or falling when the eyes are closed.
What is the Romberg sign?
These terms respectively refer to how emotionally positive or negative a stimulus is, and how attention-grabbing or behaviorally powerful it is.
What are valence and salience?
This is the most common inherited neurologic disorder and is associated with foot deformities, distal weakness, and PMP22 gene mutations.
What is Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease?
This type of anesthesia works by blocking the open pore of voltage-gated sodium channels, preventing the generation and conduction of action potentials.
What is local anesthesia?
Because of its long half-life (25–52 h) and ability to reduce cravings, this synthetic full mu-agonist is often used for the treatment of opioid use disorder.
What is methadone?
The Gate Control Theory states that the “pain gate” in this part of the spinal cord can be closed by non-painful sensory input, reducing the perception of pain.
What is the dorsal horn?
This syndrome, caused by bilateral amygdala damage, can lead to symptoms like docile behavior, hyperorality, flattened affect, and inappropriate sexual behaviors such as mounting inanimate objects.
What is Klüver-Bucy Syndrome?
This term describes pain from a stimulus that doesn’t normally cause pain, such as light touch.
What is allodynia?
Local anesthetics with a pKa closer to this physiological value have a faster onset.
What is 7.4?
Valerian's sedative and anxiolytic effects are thought to come from this mechanism, which involves inhibiting the reuptake and stimulating the release of this neurotransmitter.
What is GABA?
This form of hyperalgesia occurs in uninjured tissue surrounding a site of injury and is primarily driven by changes in the central nervous system, particularly increased responsiveness of dorsal horn neurons.
What is secondary hyperalgesia?
This rare genetic disorder causes calcification of the amygdala, leading to affective prosopagnosia, moniliform blepharosis, and hoarseness
What is Urbach-Wiethe disease?
What is the spinoreticular tract?
Malignant hyperthermia, caused by inhaled anesthetics and succinylcholine, is treated with this medication that binds the ryanodine receptor and halts excessive calcium release.
What is dantrolene?
This synthetic opioid is dosed in micrograms, has no active metabolites, and is often implicated in overdose deaths.
What is fentanyl?
A lesion of this spinal tract would impair proprioception, vibration, and fine touch below the level of injury on the same side of the body.
What is the dorsal (posterior) column–medial lemniscal tract?
This white matter tract links the limbic forebrain to autonomic centers in the brainstem, and is involved in reward processing, motivated behavior, and emotional-autonomic integration.
What is the medial forebrain bundle (MFB)?
On nerve conduction studies, marked slowing of conduction velocity, prolonged distal latencies, and conduction block without reduced amplitude are characteristic of this type of peripheral neuropathy.
What is demyelinating peripheral neuropathy?
This condition, characterized by low tissue pH, such as from infection or sepsis, increases the proportion of local anesthetic in its ionized form, thereby slowing onset and reducing block quality.
What is tissue acidosis?
St. John's Wort for mild depression and anxiety may reduce the effectiveness of several drugs due to its ability to induce this hepatic enzyme.
What is CYP3A4?