Frames of Reference (FoR)
The Tree Theme Method is a key therapeutic medium in this frame of reference
What is the psychodynamic FoR?
A client recovering from a stroke practices reaching for a cup during therapy to improve their ability to grasp objects in daily life. This approach aligns with what FoR?
What is the Motor Learning/Task-Oriented FoR?
Motor learning is defined as a set of processes associated with practice or experience leading to this type of change in skilled movement.
What is a relatively permanent change?
There are two types of feedback in motor learning: one comes from internal experiences, such as the sensation of kicking a ball, and the other is given externally by an observer. What are these two types?
What are internal feedback and external feedback?
This type of practice involves performing the same movement repeatedly in a predictable order, while this other type involves practicing movements in a varied or randomized order.
What are blocked practice and random practice?
Psycho-educational groups, use of strategies, self-management are all interventions associated with his FoR.
What is the cognitive behavioral FoR?
A client practices meal preparation in therapy using adaptive tools and later successfully prepares a meal at home. This demonstrates what cognitive concept?
What is transfer of learning?
Motor learning/task oriented FoR interventions should focus on real-life, meaningful activities that are both challenging and require high amount of this.
(Week 6 day 2, slide 3)
What is repetition?
Practicing a task in multiple environments (home, clinic, community) helps facilitate this essential motor learning concept.
What is transfer of learning?
A therapist has a client practice a sit-to-stand motion with different chairs of varying heights and armrests to enhance generalization. This approach promotes what motor learning concept?
What is variability of practice?
In this FoR, change is facilitated by self-awareness and learning strategies, and motivation is influenced by self-efficacy and emotional states.
What is the dynamic interactional model?
According to the Cognitive Behavioral FoR, a client’s motivation is driven by their desire to do what?
What is mastering occupational roles and goals?
This phenomenon occurs when a person compensates for an impaired limb by relying too much on the unaffected limb, leading to further disuse.
(Week 6 day 2, slide 3)
What is learned bad-use?
To maximize motor learning, therapists should provide short, clear, and slow instructions while emphasizing key movements. This type of instruction is called what?
What is verbal instruction?
This type of practice schedule involves short rest breaks between trials, while another type involves longer, massed periods of practice with fewer breaks.
(Week 6 day 2, slide 5)
What are distributed practice and massed practice?
A person with a healthy ego, good sense of self, and strong identity falls under this category, whereas someone with an immature ego and inability to cope falls under dysfunction.
What is the Psychodynamic FoR?
A child who struggles with emotional regulation is given a weighted blanket to help with self-soothing. This intervention is part of what approach?
What is a sensory diet?
Research suggests a healthy individual needs 20 repetitions for improved performance, while post-stroke clients may require up to how many repetitions?
(Week 6 day 2, slide 3)
What is 55 repetitions? Still unknown exactly how many repetitions, it is just high
This type of feedback focuses on the outcome of the movement (“you reached the target”), while another focuses on movement mechanics (“your arm was too low when reaching”). What are these two feedback types?
What are knowledge of results (KR) and Knowledge of Performance (KP)?
OT interventions that focus on real-life, occupation-based tasks are more effective at improving motor learning and engagement compared to what type of exercises?
(Week 6 day 2, slide 5)
What are rote exercises?
This frame of reference emphasizes the importance of self-identity, self-direction, motivation, and self-awareness in occupational performance
What is the Psychodynamic FoR?
Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy (CIMT) promotes movement in clients with hemiparesis by restricting use of the non-affected limb. What motor learning principle does this reinforce?
What is neuroplasticity?
Experience-dependent neuroplasticity relies on 10 key principles to drive motor learning and recovery. Name three of these principles.
(Week 6 day 2, slide 3)
What are use it or lose it, use it to improve it, specificity, repetition matters, intensity matters, time matters, salience matters, age matters, transference, and interference?
This type of practice involves performing the same movement repeatedly in a structured order, which is beneficial in early learning.
What is blocked practice?
Knowledge of Performance (KP) focuses on movement quality, while Knowledge of Results (KR) focuses on what?
What is the outcome of the movement?