Fungal Infections
What are the dissemination sites for Blastomycosis?
BELLS P(epper): Bones, Eyes, Lungs, Lymph nodes, Skin, Prostate
What stage of Toxoplasma gondii is ingested by cats and leads to infection?
bradyzoites
What should be done for a localized urticaria, pruritus, and mild facial swelling?
antihistamines (diphenhydramine)
corticosteroids (dexamethasone or prednisone)
monitor for 1-2 hours
What species is excused from individual inspection ante-mortem?
poultry
What animals are prohibited from receiving phenylbutazone?
female dairy cattle 20 months of age or older
This fungal infection is associated with chicken coops, bird roosts, and bat habitats.
Histoplasmosis
1. stop ingestion of raw meat
2. clean cat litter regularly
3. control transport hosts (e.g., cockroaches)
A dog presents with yellow mucus membranes. When his blood is spun, hemolysis is visualized in the serum. A urine test reveals hemoglobinuria. What type of hypersensitivity?
BONUS: With this hypersensitivity, what cell is seen only in dogs?
type II
BONUS: spherocytes
During postmortem examination of the head, inspection of the masseter muscle is primarily performed to detect which parasitic condition?
cysticercosis
What drugs should NOT be given if the patient has a history of IMHA?
cephalosporins & penicillins
This disease is on all rule-out lists in CA and AZ. The outcome is very dependent on host immunocompetence.
Coccidioidomycosis (Valley Fever/Rheumatism)
This canine disease can present with neuromuscular signs, such as hyperextension of the pelvic limbs. Patellar reflex is not present.
BONUS: Tx? Prevention?
Neosporum caninum
BONUS:
TX: Clindamycin
Prevention: avoid access with bovine placenta & dead calves, no raw or undercooked meat
For neonatal isoerythrolysis, what should be transfused to the foal?
mare's packed washed RBCs
Actinomycosis (A. bovis) is diagnosed on antemortem inspection. What should be done?
the head is condemned
This antibiotic can cause esophageal stricture in cats.
doxycycline
This is the most common fungal infection of cats. It typically affects the nasal cavity, skin, sinuses, and lungs.
BONUS: What medication can be used if CNS is affected?
Cryptococcus
BONUS: Fluconazole
This zoonotic disease has an incubation period up to 7 years. It is diagnosed from direct visualization on cytology. Some countries do have a vaccine.
Leishmaniosis
What diagnostics can be used for type II hypersensitivity?
Coombs test or Flow Cytometry
What 2 structures are considered bovine specified risk materials (SRMs) in ALL cattle, regardless of age?
tonsils and distal ileum
This drug should be prescribed carefully, as it can cause aplastic anemia in humans when handled.
Chloramphenicol
This fungus is common in the nasal passages of the dog. It is progressive and invasive.
BONUS: Treatment?
Aspergillosis (Aspergillus fumigatus)
BONUS: Clotrimazole
In chronic cases of this disease, congestive heart failure occurs. The long-term prognosis is poor. Clinical signs are less severe in older animals.
Trypanosomiasis (Chaga's disease)
This occurs secondary to a strangles infection. This results in dermal or upper airway vasculitis. What is it and what type of hypersensitivity?
Type III
Name a reason for whole carcass condemnation at postmortem inspection.
lymphosarcoma (BLV), pneumonia, epithelioma, peritonitis, septicemia, icterus
What antibiotic causes blindness in cats? It also causes failure of cartilage development in young animals.
Enrofloxacin