Diuretics
What is our weakest diuretic class?
Thiazides (hydrochlorothiazide, chlorothiazide)
What is the suffix for ACEs?
-pril! (Lisinopril, captopril, benazepril)
What is the suffix for ARBs?
-sartan! (Ex losartan, valsartan)
Where is intravascular fluid?
In the plasma and blood vessesls
What is the nursing priority when a patient has a potassium imbalance?
The heart, implement EKG monitoring
What class of diuretics includes gynecomastia as a potential side effect?
Potassium sparing
(spironolactone, eplerenone)
What is the suffix for beta blockers 1 and 2?
-lol! (non selective is propranolol and carvedilol, cardioselective is metoprolol, bisoprolol, and atenolol)
What are side effects for ACEs?
ACE cough, angioedema (swelling of lips/tongue/oral mucosa), hyperkalemia
Describe what a hypo-osmolaric state is
Fluid contains less particles than water
What are expected side effects of hypernatremia
Thirst, dry mouth, confusion, muscle twitching
Name a potassium sparing diuretic
Spironolactone, eplerenone
What kind of beta blockers act on the heart alone?
Beta1/cardioselective beta blockers (metoprolol, bisoprolol, atenolol)
What might the nurse monitor for when a patient is on a direct acting artiolar vasodilator?
Monitor BP, HR, assess for fluid retention
(Hydralazine and minoxidil)
Define hydrostatic pressure
The force within a fluid compartment
What are some of the functions of magnesium
Enzyme function, nerve transmission, muscle relaxation, cardiac function
A patient has an increased intraocular pressure. What kind of diuretic is most appropriate?
Osmotics
(mannitol)
What are the contraindications for non selective/B2 blockers?
Asthma, COPD, bradycardia, heart block
Name a calcium channel blocker
Dihydropyradines: Amlodipine, nicardipine, nifedipine
Non-dihydropines: Verapamil, diltiazem
What are crystalloids? Name the three kinds.
Isotonic, hypotonic, hypertonic
What are symptoms of hypochloremia
Muscle cramps, irritability, slow/shallow respirations
What side effects does the nurse monitor for when giving diuretics?
Dizziness, orthostatic hypotension, dehydration, muscle cramps, etc.
What step of RAAS do ACE inhibitors act on?
Prevent the conversions of Angiotensin 1 to Angiotensin 2
What step of RAAS do ARBs interfere with?
Block angiotensin 2 receptors
Fluids that contain proteins or other large molecules that increase osmolarity without dissolving in the solution.
Dextrans, albumin (5 or 25%), blood/blood products (PRBCs, platelets, fresh frozen plasma, cryoprecipitate)
What role does phosphorus play in the body
Bone and teeth formation, energy production (ATP), acid-base balance