Bones + Joints
What is the classification of the Knee joint?
Bonus points for movements?
Synovial, biaxial, condyloid joint.
Flexion/Extension + Internal/External Rotation
What are the 3 ligaments of the hip?
Iliofemoral, Ischiofemoral, Pubofemoral
What are all the adductor muscles?
Pectineus, Adductor Longus, Adductor Brevis, Adductor Magnus, Gracilis
Explain the factors that contribute to stability at the hip joint?
Articular fit, acetabular labrum (deepens socket), strong capsule reinforced by capsular ligaments, ancle of inclination of femur, line of pull of muscles
What are the functions of skeletal system?
support, protection, assist movement, mineral homeostasis, blood cell production, triglyceride storage
What is the articular surfaces of hip joint?
Head of Femur, Acetabulum, Acetabular Labrum
What does the ACL limit?
Limits = medial rotation of tibia relative to femur
= anterior slide of tibia on femur
What muscles flex the knee?
Biceps Femoris, Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus, Sartorius, Gracilis, Gastrocnemius*
What is the concave-convex rule?
1. when male joint surface moves, roll and slide occur in opposite directions
2. when female joint surface moves, roll and slide occur in same direction
*females are always right!
What is the function of bursae?
Reduce friction as structures slide across one another
What is the classification of the distal tibiofibular joint?
Fibrous, Syndesmosis
What are the attachments of the Lateral Collateral Ligament of the knee?
1. lateral femoral epicondyle
2. lateral surface of the head of fibula
What are the muscle actions of Sartorius?
Flexion of hip
Abduction of Hip
Lateral Rotation of Hip
Flexion of Knee
Explain active and passive insufficiency?
Active = maximum length change insufficient to produce full ROM at both joints simultaneously
Passive = maximum passive length insufficient to produce full ROM in both joints simultanously.
What is the closed packed position of the hip joint?
Extension and Medial rotation
Name 5 bony landmarks of the tibia?
Medial Malleolus, Tibial Tuberosity, Soleal Line, Intercondylar Emienence, Fibular Notch, Gerdy's Tubercle, Tibial Condyles
What are the functions of the menisci?
-shock absorption
-distribution of weight bearing forces
-assist with lubrication of joint
-increase congruency of TFJ
What are the attachments of Biceps Femoris?
Proximal = Ischial Tuberosity and sacrotuberous ligament (LH), distal 1/2 of lateral lip of linea aspera and proximal half of lateral supracondylar ridge of femur (SH)
Distal = head of fibula
Explain the screw home mechanism?
During the last 20* of knee extension, rotation occurs b/w tibia and femur to 'lock' knee into place. It occurs because the medial femoral condyle is larger. Rotation creates passive tension in ACL. ACL crosses over PCL and locks knee into place.
femur moving = medial rotation of femur
tibia moving = lateral rotation of tibia.
Dorsiflexion, abduction, pronation
Name all the bones in the foot?
Calcaneus, Talus, Navicular, Cuboid, 3x Cuneiforms, 5x Metatarsals, 5x proximal phalanges, 4x middle phalanges, 5x distal phalanges
What are the function of the collateral ligaments at the MTP joints?
Limit = flexion of digits at MTP joint
Prevent = abduction/adduction of digits when in flexion
What muscles would act as synergists against medially rotating the hip in flexion?
Gluteus Maximus, Piriformis, Superior Gemellus, Obturator Internus, Inferior Gemellus, Quadratus Femoris
What are the primary and secondary restraints of posterior tibial displacement?
Primary = PCL
Secondary = MCL, LCL, oblique popliteal ligament, posterior meniscofemoral ligament
What are the characteristics of muscle fibres?
Excitability - responds to stimulus
Contractility - can shorten and generate force
Extensibility - can be stretched
Elasticity - can return to original length