A
What is the process where material such as sand or rock is worn away and removed?
Erosion
What is the movement of water up the beach after a wave breaks called?
Swash
Sand builds up on a beach during calm conditions. What process is occurring?
Deposition
What coastal process transports sand along a beach?
Longshore drift
How many numbers/digits in area reference?
4
What is the process where sediment is dropped or laid down in a new location?
Deposition
What is the movement of water back down the beach called?
Backwash
Large storm waves remove sand from the front of a dune. What process is occurring?
Erosion
Waves normally approach the coastline at an ______, causing sediment to move along the beach.
Angle
How many numbers/digits in grid reference?
6
Name the three main processes involved in moving sediment through a coastal environment.
Erosion, transportation and deposition.
Which type of wave generally has a stronger swash and encourages deposition?
Constructive waves
After several weeks of calm weather, sand gradually begins returning to a beach that was previously eroded. What process is occurring?
Deposition/accretion
Describe the direction of movement of sediment during longshore drift, using the terms swash and backwash.
Swash carries sediment diagonally up the beach, while backwash carries it back down the beach under gravity, producing a zig-zag movement.
What would you find at 23.5 degrees NORTH?
Tropic of Cancer
Explain why a coastline is described as a dynamic environment.
It is constantly changing as waves, wind and currents erode, transport and deposit sediment.
Explain the difference between a constructive and destructive wave.
Constructive waves have stronger swash and deposit sediment, while destructive waves have stronger backwash and remove sediment.
True or false: "The goal of coastal management should be to completely stop erosion." Explain your judgement.
False. Erosion is a natural coastal process. Management generally seeks to manage risks and impacts rather than eliminate all natural erosion.
Explain why longshore drift is important to the functioning of a coastal environment.
It redistributes sediment along the coastline, helping supply and maintain beaches and create depositional landforms.
What would you find at 30 degrees NORTH?
a) Brisbane, Aus
b) Cairo, Egypt
c) Bali, Indonesia
b) Cairo, Egypt
A beach loses a large amount of sand during a storm. Explain why this does not necessarily mean the sand has permanently disappeared.
Storm waves can transport sand offshore where it may form sandbars. Calmer conditions can later return sediment to the beach.
What is hydraulic action?
The physical process where the force of crashing waves or other water sources, trap and compresses air inside rock cracks/other landforms, causing the rock to weaken and break apart over time.
From the article on the Gold Coast study, what is the term to describe eroded cliffs/sand cliffs?
Scarps
A large structure is built across part of a beach and interrupts longshore drift. Predict what could happen to beaches further down the coast.
They may receive less sediment and experience increased erosion because their sediment supply has been interrupted.
What is a clinometer used for in geography?
To measure the angle of a slope, elevation or tilt.