Messengers
Hormones are released through glands via the endocrine system while neurotransmitters are released through this system via and this wire-like cell.
What is nervous system & neurons?
The brain chemical that plays a role in mood, appetite, sleep and even dreams.
What is serotonin?
The bundles of neural fibers associated with left and righ hemispheric brain communication.
What is corpus callosum?
Enhances the actions of neurotransmitters by mimicking/binding with receptor neurons or blocking reuptake from sending neurons.
What are agonist? direct and indirect
These two can act as agonist for ACh Acetylcholine. stimulating muscular and heart rate activity, they are both fatal.
What is black widow venom and nicotine?
The pleasure and reward neurotransmitter released in anticipation of desirable activities. Also linked with learning, attention and movement.
A lack of it is associated with Parkinson's disease, and too much is linked with schizophrenia.
What is dopamine?
A hormone and a neurotransmitter; A boost of energy comes from this chemical messenger and is the primary chemical in "fight or flight" responses.
What is epinephrine / adrenaline?
All senses except olfactory is processed through this limbic structure.
What is thalamus?
What are antagonist?
The indirect way a drug/substance can act as an agonist is this. Prozac, for example blocks serotonin from being reabsorbed into the sending neuron.
What are reuptake inhibitors?
This neural chemical messenger associated with voluntary and involuntary movements. Brain also uses it for learning and memory.
What is acetycholine?
This abundant excitatory messenger is involved in learning and memory by strengthening synaptic connections.
What is glutamate?
The hindbrain structure which is mostly involved in balance and coordination.
What is the cerebellum?
This toxin essentially acts as an antagonist of acetycholine; effectively freezing/paralyzing muscles
What is botox?
This illicit drug substance prevents dopamine from being reabsorbed into the presynaptic neuron leading to overflow of dopamine in the synapse.
What is cocaine?
The body's pain reduction chemical messenger. Can be stimulated by prolonged exercise/ running creating a euphoric sensation.
What are endorphins?
Associated with anxiety-related disorders this is the most abundant inhibitory transmitter.
What is GABA / gamma aminobutyric acid?
The somatosensory cortex and primary visual cortex work in this manner. Tactile and visual stimuli are processed in the opposite neural hemisphere from which they are sensed.
What is contralateralization?
A drug used as antagonist to dopamine. Believed to decrease hallucination and delusional thoughts in early schizophrenia patients.
What is thorazine?
The chemial messenger involved in heightened sensitivity, arousal and alertness. Low levels associated with depression, but not necessarily a causal relationship.
What is norepinephrine / noradrenaline?
This tiny but vital structure regulates body temperature, survival functions (signaling hunger and thirst) and reproductive drive.
What is hypothalamus?
The two drugs which act as agonist for ACh acetylcholine and endorphins.
What is heroin and nicotine?