Respiratory System
This structure contains C‑shaped cartilage rings that keep the airway open.
What is the trachea?
These three sections make up the small intestine.
What are the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum?
These “big three” nutrients provide most of the body's energy.
What are carbohydrates, fats, and proteins?
Inflammation of the pharynx is commonly called a sore throat and goes by this clinical name.
What is pharyngitis?
This dome‑shaped muscle plays the major role in inspiration.
What is the diaphragm?
These tiny air sacs are the primary site of gas exchange in the lungs.
What are the alveoli?
This muscular tube connects the pharynx to the stomach.
What is the esophagus?
This process breaks food molecules down and releases stored energy.
What is catabolism?
Inflammation of the gallbladder, often associated with gallstones, is called this.
What is cholecystitis?
This digestive organ stores and concentrates bile.
What is the gallbladder?
A lack of surfactant in premature infants causes this respiratory condition.
What is Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome (IRDS)?
This stomach condition is commonly caused by Helicobacter pylori infection or NSAID use.
What is a peptic ulcer?
This hormone accelerates the movement of glucose from the blood into cells.
What is insulin?
This digestive disorder involves backflow of acidic stomach contents into the esophagus, causing heartburn.
What is GERD?
The liver helps maintain normal levels of this important blood sugar.
What is glucose?
This breathing pattern includes alternating episodes of apnea and hyperventilation.
What is Cheyne–Stokes respiration?
Finger‑shaped projections called villi increase surface area for this critical digestive process.
What is absorption?
A deficiency of this vitamin causes scurvy.
What is vitamin C?
A life‑threatening condition caused by Haemophilus influenzae type B that can obstruct the airway.
What is epiglottitis?
This membrane lines the abdominal cavity and covers abdominal organs.
What is the peritoneum?
These receptors respond to changes in CO₂, O₂, and blood acidity to regulate ventilation.
What are chemoreceptors?
This serious liver disease involves fibrous tissue replacing healthy liver tissue and can lead to portal hypertension.
What is cirrhosis?
This severe malnutrition condition is caused by calorie and protein deficiency and results in wasting and electrolyte imbalance.
What is marasmus?
A metabolic disorder where individuals refuse to eat, leading to dangerous weight loss.
What is anorexia nervosa?
These high‑energy electrons generated in the citric acid cycle provide most of the usable ATP produced in metabolism.
What are high‑energy electrons from the Krebs cycle?