Anti-Seizure Medications
Which seizure types are treated with phenobarital
partial and generalized tonic-clonic seizures
Name the 3 locations of the brain that is associated with impaired functioning r/t ADHD
prefrontal cortex
Caudate
Cerebellum
What is mechanism of action of anti-parkinson meds
Increase dopamine and decrease acetycholine
This drug classification can lead to bradycardia & heart block
Cholinesterase inhibitors
What is gingival hyperplasia and name some nursing patient health teaching
Gum tissue overgrowth
Associated with Dilantin
Teach: good oral hygiene (brushing, flushing, dental visits)
A patient taking Tegretol (Carbamazepine) should avoid what
Grapefruit Juice
Grapefruit juices increases carbamazepine serum levels, raising the risk of toxicity
Name a benefit of amphetamine stimulant medication classification
better task completion
decreased impulsivity for some
better ability to organize
etc
What is the concern of MAO-B inhibitor meds and Tyramine
Can cause cheese syndrome
(MAO-B inhibitors block enzyme to break down tyramine in the body-hence results in increased levels =HTN)
Monitor kidney and liver function on this classification of medication
What is Status Epilepticus and what drugs are typically used in what sequence
Medical emergency-seizure lasting 5minutes+ or repeated seizure without recovery
Lorazepam &/or Diazepam (benzos) for rapid initial RX
then phenobarbital &/or dilantin for ongoing control
A serious life-threatening skin reaction associated with phenobarbital is...
Stevens Johnson Syndrome
medical emergency
This medication classification is used for ADHD therapy however traditionally used to treat high blood pressure
Kapvey (clonidine)
This classification of meds is not given to older pts with PD as can increase risk of confusion
anticholinergics
(ie Cogentin)
Why are cholinesterase inhibitors widely use to manage cognitive symptoms in Alzheimer's disease
These meds block the breakdown of acetylcholine and may experience modest improvement or temporary stabilization in cognitive symptoms
Explain location of what causes dementia with lewy bodies
develop in brainstem and cerebral cortex then dementia sets on early = dementia with lewy bodies
(lewy bodies-abnormal protein)
Why should antiepileptic drugs never be stopped abruptly?
Can increase seizure frequency and duration
(abrupt discontinuation can cause rebound seizures that are more frequent and severe)
What are goals of therapy
Decrease functional deficits in the social, occupational & academic domain
Parkinson's disease results from this in the brain
degeneration of dopamine producing neurons in the substantia nigra
What are goals of therapy for dementia
Maintain & maximize functional abilities, quality of life & pt's independence
Dopamine helps regulate what ..
emotions, alertness, motivation, attention etc
This med peak serum levels occur 4-12hrs post administration. Hence the trough levels should be sampled & when
Dilantin (phenytoin)
Trough levels= lowest level of concentration of the medication and should be immediately before next dose
Therapeutic effect of this medication classification blocks the reuptake of norepinephrine and therapeutic results are seen within 7 days
atomoxetine (Strattera)
nonamphetamine Stimulant
Patients are advised to avoid high vitamin B6 and high protein on this med. Name the med and explain the why
Dopamine Agonist ( levodopa-carbidopa)
B6-reduces levodopa effectivenss and high protein can affect levodopa abosorption/transport
Explain the pathophysiology that occurs with Alzheimer's disease
Plaques -prevent signals from transferring between brain cells & results in cell death
Tangles -prevent nutrients from reaching brain cells & results in cell death
What is serotonin Syndrome & what are three major categories of serotonin Syndrome
High levels of serotonin in the body
categories: mental status changes
neuromuscular abnormalities
autonomic hyperactivity