Anatomy Of The Brainstem & Spinal Cord
These dermatomes innervate the triceps reflex
What is C7, C8
This arterial structure connects the anterior and posterior cerebral circulations.
What is the Circle of Willis?
The globus pallidus internus regulates movement by controlling this thalamic activity
What is inhibition of the thalamus?
A temporary neurological deficit lasting less than 24 hours is termed this.
What is a transient ischaemic attack (TIA)?
This cranial nerve provides sensory innervation to the face and motor control to the muscles of mastication.
What is the trigeminal nerve (CN V)?
These three primary vesicles form at 4 weeks
What is the prosencephalon, mesencephalon and rhombencephalon
The middle cerebral artery (MCA) supplies these two famous language areas.
What are Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas?
Dysfunction of this functional loop results in dysdiadochokinesia
What is cerebro-cerebellar loop?
Ischaemia can be classified into these two main types.
What are global and focal ischaemia?
This syndrome results from lesions affecting cranial nerves IX, X, and XI as they exit through the jugular foramen.
What is jugular foramen syndrome
This major descending motor pathway is responsible for voluntary, controlled, skilled movements
What is the corticospinal tract?
A ruptured aneurysm leads to a “thunderclap headache"
What is a subarachnoid haemorrhage?
Damage to this midbrain structure causes a resting tremor, bradykinesia, and rigidity.
What is the substantia nigra?
Common sites for intracerebral haemorrhage include these deep brain regions.
What is the basal ganglia, thalamus, pons and cerebellum
A lower motor neuron lesion of the facial nerve causes paralysis of all facial muscles on the same side, including the forehead.
What is Bell’s Palsy?
Damage to lower motor neurons causes this type of facial paralysis.
What is ipsilateral paralysis of all facial muscles?
The “danger zone” of the scalp lies between these two layers.
What are the aponeurosis (galea) and the pericranium?
This neurotransmitter from the substantia nigra allows smooth, coordinated movements by modulating both the direct and indirect basal ganglia
What is dopamine?
The breakdown of the blood-brain barrier leads to this type of oedema
What is vasogenic oedema?
Located in the medulla, this nucleus controls parasympathetic output to thoracic and abdominal organs via the vagus nerve.
What is the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus?
Damage to this spinal cord pathway results in loss of complex discrimination and stereognosis.
What is the dorsal column?
The straight sinus is formed by the junction of which two veins?
What are the great cerebral vein of Galen and the inferior sagittal sinus?
This functional area includes flocculonodular lobe + fastigial nuclei. It control eye movements and maintains balance
What is vestibulocerebellum?
This subtype involves small penetrating arteries and is associated with hypertension and ageing.
What is a lacunar infarct (small vessel occlusive disease)?
Paralysis of this muscle, innervated by the oculomotor nerve (CN III), causes ptosis, or drooping of the upper eyelid.
What is the levator palpebrae superioris?