Hypertension
What is the most common hypertension?
secondary hypertension, due to disease or drug administration
Which side of the heart is more susceptible to compression?
right side
Jugular distension indicates:
right-sided heart failure
This is the most common cause of shock in veterinary medicine.
Hypovolemic shock
Why is a pet diagnosed with heartworms, a parasite, prescribed doxycycline for treatment?
A patient with kidney disease has been found to have systemic hypertension. What medication is the best option to treat the hypertension for this patient?
Telimisartan (angiotensin receptor block, ARB)
This is common in the Weimaraner breed. It is a defect in the septum transversum.
Peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia
What arrhythmia is common in ruminants?
atrial fibrillation
How should distributive shock be treated?
BONUS: Describe distributive shock
fluids and vasopressors (epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine)
BONUS: caused by severe systemic vasodilation & pooling of blood in peripheral capillaries
This parasite attaches to cecum and colon of equine and feeds on the blood. The horse ingests the infective L3 stage.
strongylus vulgaris
Post-capillary pulmonary hypertension is associated with:
left-sided heart disease
Describe pulsus paradoxus.
Increase pulse pressure during expiration, decrease during inspiration
vagal indigestion
In which type of shock is fluid therapy contraindicated?
cardiogenic shock
Which animals are most commonly affected by high mountain brisket disease?
calves (cattle)
What can be used to definitively diagnose pulmonary hypertension?
echocardiography
What ECG finding is pathognomonic for pericardial effusion?
electrical alternans
What valve in cattle is often associated with endocarditis?
tricuspid
What is the shock triad in cats?
hypotension, hypothermia, and bradycardia
A 1 year old doberman was just neutered and the doctor noted excessive bleeding during and after the procedure. The owner also noted on history that when he was teething he had a lot of blood in his gums. What is most likely disease?
von Willebrand's disease
What medication can be used to treat precapillary pulmonary hypertension?
sildenafil
Why not treat pericardial effusion with furosemide and an ace inhibitor?
cardiac tamponade compresses coronary arteries decreasing O2 to the myocardium
meds lower BP more, decreasing blood delivery even more
What are heart specific diagnostics that can be used for an equine?
cardiac troponin I, myocardial CK
What medications should be avoided in anmials in shock?
alpha-2 agonists or NSAIDs
What factors are vitamin K dependent?
II, VII, IX, X