Neurovascular
Name the extraocular muscle that receives motor supply from CN IV.
Superior oblique.
Which intraocular muscles move the lens?
Ciliary muscles.
Where is the auricle located?
The external ear on your head :)
Which part of the eye is affected by cateracts?
The lens.
What nerve innervates the diaphragm?
The phrenic nerve.
Which cranial nerve supplies all but 2 of the ocular muscles, and where is its origin?
CNIII oculomotor; midbrain.
Name the muscle responsible for raising the eyelid, and describe its innervation.
Levator palpebrae superioris; occulomotor nerve & sympathetics via carotid plexus for the involuntary movements.
Which structure connects the middle ear to the middle cranial fossa superiorly? Describe its structure.
Tegmen tympani; petrous part of the temporal bone.
Which part of the eye is affected by macular degeneration, and what is its impact on vision?
The macula; central vision is lost, but peripheral vision stays intact.
What 2 muscles are responsible for opposition between the thumb and the pinky finger?
Opponens pollicis and opponens digiti minimi.
What are the 3 branches of CN V1?
Nasociliary nerve, lacrimal nerve, frontal nerve.
Name the 3 bones that form the ossicles of the middle ear.
Malleus, incus, stapes.
Which layer of the globe are rods and cones located in, and what are their functions?
Neural coat/retina; rods process light, cones process colour and visual acuity.
Name 3 complications that can occur following a blowout fracture of the orbit.
Inferior rectus entrapment, retrobulbar haematoma, infraorbital nerve compression.
What is the closed packed position of the hip?
Extension, abduction, internal rotation.
Which 4 cranial nerves supply sensation to the ear, and which 3 are part of the tympanic plexus?
Trigeminal CN V3, glossopharyngeal CNIX, vagus nerve CN X, facial nerve CN VII.
VII, X, IX are part of the tympanic plexus.
Which group of extraocular muscles attach behind the equator? Name them, including their innovation and actions.
Obliques; superior and inferior oblique; superior innervated by CN IV, inferior by CN III; superior moves eye down and out, inferior moves eye up and out.
What are the 3 components of the inner ear? What is each component responsible for?
Cochlea, semicircular canals, vestibule.
Cochlea for hearing, semicircular canals/vestibule for balance.
What muscle divides the axillary artery into 3 parts? Which branch arises from the first part? What four muscles does it supply?
Pec minor; superior thoracic artery; pec major, pec minor, subclavian and serratus anterior.
Describe the pathway of the opthalmic artery (3 marks), and via which arterial branches does it supply these structures? What kind of arteries are these branches?
From the internal carotid artery, through the optic canal with the optic nerve, to the orbit and globe; retinal artery; anatomical end artery.
Describe the consequences of damage to CNVI in relation to ocular muscles, and what is the origin of the muscle affected?
Damage to the abducens nerve (CN VI) would mean no nerve supply to the lateral recti muscle, resulting in an inability to abduct the eye.
Originates at the lateral part of the common tendinous ring.
Name the 5 bones that form the orbit?
Frontal, maxilla, zygomatic, sphenoid, ethmoid.
Describe the origin, exit, fibre type and role of CNVII?
Facial nerve; pontomedullary junction; internal acoustic meautus; both sensory and motor; face and taste.