Viral respiratory Infections
The most likely reason that 3-6 month olds are at an increased risk for respiratory infections
Maternal antibodies have decreased, and the infant has not fully began producing its own
Children younger than 7 are at an increased risk for this because they have shorter/flatter eustachian tubes, and it is often preceded by a URI.
(Bonus: What is a complication or recurrent infection?)
Acute otitis media
Hearing loss
These are the four cardinal signs of impending respiratory failure
restlessness, tachypnea, tachycardia, diaphoresis
This hemophilic condition is common in childhood (unless recurrent/severe)
Epistaxis (nosebleed)
This is the most common childhood cancer
Leukemia (specifically ALL)
This common complication can result from a bacterial or viral infection and may require surgery
Tonsillitis
This croup syndrome often presents with drooling, restlessness, and child sitting in tripod position. It can also lead to an emergency situation.
Acute bacterial epiglottis
A child with cystic fibrosis needs to have this kind of diet
High caloric and high fat
Being a "milk baby" puts a child at risk for this type of anemia
(Bonus: how is a milk baby defined?)
Iron deficiency
Child >1 year old having more than 3 servings of dairy per day. The dairy coats the intestines, decreasing absorption of nutrients.
This is the most common solid tumor found in children
(Bonus: what is the treatment of choice?)
Brain tumor
Surgical removal
This is the best way to prevent the spread of nasophryngitis
(Bonus: what is nasopharyngitis commonly called? What virus causes this?)
Frequent handwashing, avoid touching eyes, nose, mouth
Common cold! Caused by RSV
Intubation may be necessary for these croup syndromes (2)
(Bonus: what are the main triggers for an attack?)
Expiratory; Inspiratory
B-blockers, pets, URI, smoking
This medication is given prophylactically in patients with sickle cell anemia starting at 2 months old.
Why?
Penicillin
The patient is at risk for frequent bacterial infections, which is the leading cause of death in children with sickle cell disease.
This is a firm, non-tender mass that is typically found in the abdomen. It is also the most common cancer diagnosed in infancy
Neuroblastoma
This infection is typically seen in older children (pre-teen to teen), and has an incubation period of 30-50 days.
(Bonus: What virus causes this infection? What is the hallmark sign?)
Infectious mononucleosis (mono)
EBV. Lymphadenopathy and fatigue
This infection commonly begins viral, but can progress into a bacterial infection.
Why does this occur?
Pneumonia
Trapped mucus in airway leads to bacterial growth
_______ and ________ are early signs of carbon monoxide poisoning. ______, ______, and ______ are severe/late signs.
Headache; Nausea/vomiting; confusion; ataxia; cyanosis
This condition is a group of hereditary disorders that result from deficiency of specific clotting factors.
(Bonus: How is it treated?)
Hemophilia A, B, Von Wilebrand disease
Replace missing clotting factors. Prevent and control bleeding (RICE)
This tumor has the highest survival risk of all childhood cancers.
(Bonus: where is this tumor typically found? What unique pre-op care does this cancer have?)
Wilm's tumor
Found in the kidney. Do not palpate! Use caution with bathing/handling the child.
The following coughs are associated with what viral infections?
Barking
Whooping
Barking- acute laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB), most common croup syndrome
Whooping- pertussis
This bacteria is the most common cause of acute infectious pharyngitis
(Bonus: What is this infection commonly called? What can result if this infection goes untreated)
GABHS (Group A B-hemolytic streptococcal)
Strep throat! If untreated can cause scarlet fever and/or rheumatic fever
OSA puts a child at an increased risk for the following conditions, and can often be undiagnosed because of it.
Obesity, ADHD, anxiety, depression
Patients with this type of anemia are often under medicated for pain.
Sickle cell
Earache or runny nose is a common sign/symptom of this type of cancer
Rhabdomyosarcoma